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CHECKLIST PAPILIONOIDEA W-PAL


A dynamic checklist of the Western Palearctic butterflies hyperlinked to the original descriptions
at species, genus and family level
(Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)

  

Michel Taymans

Sylvain Cuvelier


18.v.2024
Introduction Papilionoidea Papilionidae Hesperiidae Pieridae   Riodinidae Lycaenidae Nymphalidae Sources Thx Updates
 
   
 

Driopa nebrodensis (Turati, 1907)
Rationale
  See the synonyms page which includes the argument for using the taxon 'nebrodensis'
Suggestion: We refer to the synonyms which include the detailed arguments for using the taxon 'nebrodensis'.		  
 
 
Synonyms
[IFS-JH] Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Verity, 1907. Rhop. Pal.: 97, pl. 23, fig. 5-6.  
    TL: Pyrenées orientales (S France) ; nec Parnassius apollo pyraenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896. Entomologist 29: 331.
[IFS] Parnassius mnemosyne ab. nebrodensis Turati, 1907. Nat. Sicil. 20(1-3): 15, pl. 3, fig. 3-5.  
    TL: Monti Nebrodi (Sicily, S Italy).  
[IFS-JH] Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Turati, 1907. Nat. Sicil. 20(1-3): 16, pl. 2, fig. 3-6.  
    TL: Gèdre (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., France) ; nec Parnassius apollo pyraenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896. Entomologist 29: 331.  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. dinianus Fruhstorfer, 1908. Int. entomol. Z. 2(3): 17.  
    TL: Digne (S France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. vernetanus Fruhstorfer, 1908. Int. entomol. Z. 2(3): 17.  
    Nom. nov. for Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Verity, 1907 ; TL: Pyrenées orientales (S France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. turatii Fruhstorfer, 1908. Int. entomol. Z. 2(3): 17.  
    Nom. nov. for Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Turati, 1907 ; TL: Gèdre (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. parmenides Fruhstorfer, 1908. Entomol. Z. 22(3): 12.  
    TL: Alpes maritimes (SE France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne var. cassiensis Siépi, 1909. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille 12(suppl.): 3-7.  
    TL: Pic des Béguines et Bau de Saint-Cassien, Sainte-Baume (Bouches-du-Rhône and Var dep., SE France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. parvimacula Rothschild, 1909. Novit. Zool. 16(1): 2.  
    TL: St. Michel de Cousson, Forêt de Dourbes, Digne (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence dep., SE France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. fruhstorferi Turati, 1909. Nat. Sicil. 21(1-8): 34-36, pl. 1, fig. 1-2.  
    TL: Monte Autore (Monti Simbruini, C Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. symphorus Fruhstorfer, 1910. Entomol. Z. 24(28): 155-156.  
    TL: Macugnaga (Piemonte reg., NW Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. tergestus Fruhstorfer, 1910. Entomol. Z. 24(35): 192.  
    TL: Erstfeld (Uri cant., Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. calabrica Turati, 1911. Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli 3(18): 12-13.  
    TL: Aspromonte (Calabria, S Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne race helvetica Verity, 1911. Rhop. Pal.: 320.  
    TL: Switzerland.  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne race excelsa Verity, 1911. Rhop. Pal.: 320.  
    TL: ‘sommets suisses’ (Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. comitis Bryk, 1912. Soc. entomol. 27(8): 39.  
    TL: Majella (Abruzzo, Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. aquilensis Bryk, 1912. Soc. entomol. 27(14): 66.  
    TL: Gran Sasso (Abruzzo, Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. pyrenaiana Bryk, 1912. Soc. entomol. 27(14): 66.  
    Nom. nov. for Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Turati, 1907.  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne f.[ssp.] constantinii Turati, 1919. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 58: 162-163.  
    TL: Lago Budalone, Costa di Gallo (Modena prov., Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. schawerdae Bryk, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(3): 10-11.  
    TL: Monte Pennino, Monte di Camerino-Piceno (Marche, Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne f.[ssp.] costarum Bryk, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(4): 13, fig. 3.  
    TL: Monti Aurunci (Lazio, C Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. esperi Bryk, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(4): 15, fig. 6-7.  
    TL: Mte Superga (Torino, Piedmont, NW Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. ultrabella Fruhstorfer, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(4): 16, 31.  
    TL: Jura bei Schaffhausen (Schaffhausen, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. temora Fruhstorfer, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(5): 18.  
    TL: Talalpsee, Braunwald (Glaris), Susten (Uri) (Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne var. sire Bryk, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(5): 19, fig. 15.  
    TL: Macugnaga (Piedmont, NW Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne matuta Bryk, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(5): 20.  
    TL: Mt. Authion (Sospel), Mt. Cheiron (Alpes-Maritimes dep., SE France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. mixtus Fruhstorfer, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(6): 23.  
    TL: Berisal, Lötschental (Valais, Switzerland).  
[JS] P[arnassius]. mnemosyne ssp. thebaïda Fruhstorfer, 1922. Soc. entomol. 37(8): 31-32.  
    TL: N Camoghè Mt., Val Maggia (Ticino, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne sulmonensis Dannehl, 1929. Mitt. Münch. Entomol. Ges. 19(5-9): 97.  
    TL: Monte Paradiso, Montagna Grande, Majella (C Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne velinensis Dannehl, 1929. Mitt. Münch. Entomol. Ges. 19(5-9): 97-98.  
    TL: Gran Sasso (C Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. gallicus Bryk & Eisner, 1930. Soc. entomol. 45(1): 4, fig. 1-2.  
    TL: Bonneval-sur-Arc (Savoie dep., France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. republicanus Peebles & Bryk, 1931. Parnassiana 1(6): 4.  
    TL: Maladetta, Val de l’Esera (C Pyrenees, Aragon, N Spain).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. eucomitis Bryk & Eisner, 1932. Parnassiana 2: 59.  
    TL: Majella (C Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. euaquilensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932. Parnassiana 2: 60.  
    TL: Gran Sasso (C Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. arollaensis Eisner, 1938. Parnassiana 6(1-2): 6.  
    TL: Arolla (Valais, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. romanus Garavaglia, 1940. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Italiana, 72: 98, pl. 1.  
    TL: Monte Terminillo (Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne f.[ssp.] montdorensis Kolar, 1943. Z. Wien. Entomol. Ges. 28: 347-348.  
    TL: Mont-Dore (Puy-de-Dôme dep., C France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. ceuzensis Eisner, 1957. Zool. Meded. 35(4): 47-48.  
    TL: Col de Céüze (Hautes-Alpes, France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. puschlavensis Eisner, 1958. Zool. Meded. 36(1): 1-2.  
    TL: Le Prese, Val Poschiavo (Grisons, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. vivaricus Bernardi & Viette, 1961. Rev. fr. entomol. 28(1): 54-6.  
    TL: Ardèche (France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. cayollensis Dujardin, 1967. Entomops 1(8): 260, fig.  
    TL: Col de la Cayolle (Alpes-Maritimes dep., SE France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. hunti Dujardin, 1968. Entomops 2(12): 135, fig.  
    TL: Plateau de Saint-Barnabé (Alpes-Maritimes dep., SE France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. rogervarleti Eisner & Epstein. In: Eisner, 1968. Zool. Meded. 43(2): 15-17, pl. 1, fig. 1-2.  
    TL: Val Lavizarra (Ticino, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. ekplektus Rütimeyer, 1969. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (nf)19(4): 111-113, fig. 1.  
    TL: Griesalp, SE Reichenbach im Kandertal (Bern, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. phaiohyalinus Rütimeyer, 1969. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (nf)19(4): 113, fig. 2.  
    TL: Urbachtal, S Innertkirchen (Bern, Switzerland).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. sbordonii Eisner & Racheli, 1971. Zool. Meded. 45(6): 89-90, pl. 2.  
    TL: Mt. Vulture, Mt. Sirino, Monticchio (Basilicata, S Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. rencurelensis Vergély & Willien, 1972. Entomops 4(26): 37-38, fig.  
    TL: Vercors (Isère dep., E France).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. ozalensis Gómez-Bustillo & Gómez de Aizpúrua, 1977. Shilap 4(16): 343-344, fig.  
    TL: Selva de Oza (Huesca prov., N Spain).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. cosenzaensis Eisner, 1978. Zool. Meded. 53(21): 239-240, pl. 1.  
    TL: Lago di Apollino (Cosenza prov., Calabria, S Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. aldinae Nardelli & Giandolfo, 1991. Entomol. Z. 101(23): 439, fig.  
    TL: Nebrodi, Cesaro-Villa Miraglia (Messina prov., Sicily, S Italy).  
[JS] Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. guccinii Sala & Bollino, 1992. Atalanta 23(1-2) : 123-126, fig.  
    TL: Passo della Cisa (Parma prov., Emilia-Romagna, Italy).  
Notes  
(1) Chronology of publications:  
  1907:  
  - Verity in: Rhop. Pal.: 97, pl. 23, fig. 5-6 [Kudrna (1983) considers that this page and plate was published on May 31, 1907] describes:
(a) “Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica” from Pyrenées orientales, infrasubspecific taxon (not available) and homonym of Parnassius apollo pyraenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896.		  
  - Turati in: Nat. Sicil. 20(1-3): 15-16 [No specific date on this publication. However, since the last seven issues of volume 19 were published in 1907, it can be assumed that the first three issues of volume 20 were published after May 31, 1907 and are more recent than Verity's publication.) describes:
(b) “Parnassius mnemosyne ab. nebrodensis” from Monti Nebrodi (Sicily), infrasubspecific (not available) ;
(c) “Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica” from Hautes-Pyrénées, infrasubspecific (not available) and homonym of Parnassius apollo pyraenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896. 		 
     
  1908:  
  Fruhstorfer published two articles in two different journals (Int. entomol. Z. 2(3) and Entomol. Z. 22(3)) on the same date of April 18.  
    However, since the article in the first revises the taxa already assigned, we consider that it has priority over the second article.  
  - Fruhstorfer in: Int. entomol. Z. 2(3): 17-18 [dated April 18, 1908] describes:
(d) “Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. dinianus” from Digne (available taxon).
(e) “Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. vernetanus” replacement name for Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Verity, 1907.
(f) “Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. turatii” replacement name for Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Turati, 1907.
(g) “Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. nebrodensis” with the following mention: “The subspecies mnemosyne nebrodensis Turati is, however, in complete safety, because Count Turati explicitly states in Nat. Sicil. 1908 p. 15: "e sembra sia la razza che rappresenti la specie in Sicilia," so that Turati's formula "ab. nova" reflects a purely individual and cautious interpretation, in place of which Staudinger's contemporaries would have put "var.". 		 
  - Fruhstorfer in: Entomol. Z. 22(3): 12 [dated April 18, 1908] describes:
(h) “Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. parmenides” from Alpes maritimes (available taxon).
…. 		 
     
  2018:  
  In: Condamine et al. (Syst. Biol. 67(6): 940-964): «The ancestor of Parnassius dispersed from Central Asia to HTP around the mid-Miocene (13.4 Ma, 10.5–16.6 Ma), followed by vicariance between subgenus Parnassius and the ancestor of the other subgenera. Dispersal events to adjacent geographic regions and subsequent allopatric speciation are reconstructed within each subgenus, especially in Driopa.»
A more detailed account of the biogeographic history and alternative nodal reconstructions are available on Dryad (Supplementary Appendix S12): 		 
   
     
  2021:  
  In: Bolotov et al. (Ecologica Montenegrina 40: 140-163): « Recent multi-locus phylogenetic studies revealed that P. mnemosyne sensu lato represents a complex of cryptic species that contains P. mnemosyne s. str. and two additional species-level taxa – P. mnemosyne sp.2 from the Middle East and P. mnemosyne sp.3 from Southern Europe (Condamine 2018; Condamine et al. 2018).»
The mnemosyne-complex is redefined as follows: 		 
   
  2021:  
  In: Cotton et al. (Ecologica Montenegrina 43: 56-58):
- «Under the First Reviser Principle we hereby assign priority to turatii Fruhstorfer, 1908 over the other names listed above in order to honour Conte Emilio Turati. Priority under the First Reviser Principle is applied to all the above names in order to avoid any possible future nomenclatural issues if one or more of the last four listed names are subsequently found to be conspecific with Parnassius turatii.»
- «Bolotov et al. (2021) effectively synonymized all populations of the new species under Parnassius nebrodensis without any subspecies as per their Table 5. It is beyond the scope of this publication to determine the validity of the various populations at subspecies level, other than the necessity of reinstating the Sicilian subspecies, nebrodensis Rothschild, 1918, above. We leave the subspecific status of all other taxa listed in Table 5 of Bolotov et al. (2021) applicable to the species Parnassius turatii Fruhstorfer, 1908 to subsequent authors.» 		 
     
  2023:  
  In: Lukhtanov & Zakharov (Insects 2023, 14, 942):
- «The butterfly genus Parnassius attracts the attention of numerous researchers. However, species and populations from Central and Western Asia remain understudied compared to taxa from Western Europe and East Asia. In our study, using the analysis of DNA barcodes and morphology (wing color, male genitalia, and sphragis shape in females), we substantiate the species status for P. nubilosus stat. nov. from Turkmenistan and NE Iran. We demonstrate that the P. mnemosyne group includes three morphologically similar species, P. mnemosyne (Western Eurasia), P. turatii (southwestern Europe), and P. nubilosus, as well as P. ariadne (Altai).»		  
     
   
     
  Conclusions:
Obviously, the first reviser (in the sense of article 24.2 of the Code) of the taxa already in use at the time is Fruhstorfer, 1908. Int. entomol. Z. 2(3): 17-18. In accordance with the opinion of Fruhstorfer (see (g) above), the taxa described by Verity and Turati in 1907 should be interpreted as varieties.
The first valid name is therefore 'nebrodensis' because 'pyrenaica' is a junior homonym of a ssp. of Parnassius apollo pyrenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896.
The option taken by Bolotov et al., 2021 was the best! … and the approach taken by Cotton et al., 2021 is not appropriate.
If this interpretation of the facts were to be rejected:
- the law of priority would then apply and 'dinianus' is the first name available.
- 'vernetanus' could also be claimed because it is the replacement name for the first taxon described 'Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyraenaica Verity, 1907'
- ‘turatii’' should not be considered because it comes after all the taxa listed above.		  
Bibliography  
Bryk F. 1912 (13.iv.1912).
Parnassiana V. Zur Synopsis der asiatischer Mnemosyne (Fortsetzung).
Societas entomologica 27(8): 38-40, fig. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne comitis, Parnassius mnemosyne baghaasi.		  
       
[Bryk F.] 1912 (13.vii.1912).
Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher: Ueber die Geschichte, das Vorkommen und die Erscheinungsioeise von Parnassius Mnemosyne L.
Societas entomologica 27(14): 64-66. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne aquilensis, Parnassius mnemosyne delgranprincipe, Parnassius mnemosyne bucharana, Parnassius mnemosyne litavia, Parnassius mnemosyne poppii.		  
       
Bryk F. 1922 (1.iii.1922).
Parnassiana. Parnassius mnenosyne L. in Europa ; Einige südländische Formen meiner Sammlung.
Societas entomologica 37(3): 10-11. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne schawerdae.		  
       
Bryk F. 1922 (1.iv.1922).
Parnassiana - Parnassius mnemosyne L. in Europa, einige südländische Formen meiner Sammlung.
Societas entomologica 37(4): 13-16, fig. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne costarum, Parnassius mnemosyne esperi, Parnassius mnemosyne ultrabella.		  
       
Bryk F. 1922 (1.v.1922).
Parnassiana - Parnassius mnemosyne L. in Europa, einige südländische Formen meiner Sammlung.
Societas entomologica 37(5): 18-20, fig. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne sire, Parnassius mnemosyne matuta.		  
   
Bryk F. & Eisner C. 1930 (1-i-1930).
Parn. mnemosyne subspecies gallicus (n.).
Societas entomologica 45(1): 4.
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne gallicus.		  
   
Bryk F. & Eisner C. 1932.
Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius unter Benutzung des Materials der Kollektion Eisner, Dahlem.
Parnassiana 2: 27-30, 50-52, 34-42, 69-102. (url not available)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne ucrainica, Parnassius mnemosyne brigantinus, Parnassius mnemosyne euaquilensis, Parnassius mnemosyne kassaensis, Parnassius mnemosyne eucomitis, Parnassius mnemosyne mneme, Parnassius mnemosyne similis, Parnassius mnemosyne serbicus.		  
   
Dannehl F. 1929.
Neue Formen und geographische Rassen aus meinen Ausbeuten und Erwerbungen der letzten Jahre.
Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 19(5-9): 97-116. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne sulmonensis, Parnassius mnemosyne velinensis.		  
   
Dujardin F. 1967.
Papilionidae – Espèces de France et sous-espècesdes Alpes-Maritimes.
Entomops 1(8): 255-261, fig. (url not available)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne cayollensis.		  
   
Dujardin F. 1968.
Papilionidae – Espèces de France et sous-espècesdes Alpes-Maritimes.
Entomops 2(12): 135-142, fig. (url not available)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne hunti.
   
Eisner C. 1938.
Eine neue Unterart von Parnassius mnemosyne L.
Parnassiana 6(1/2): 6. (url not available)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne arolläensis.		  
   
Eisner C. 1957.
Parnassiana nova : XII. Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius (Fortsetzung 8).
Zoologische Mededelingen 35(4): 33-49. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne ceuzensis.		  
   
Eisner C. 1958.
Parnassiana nova : XVIII. Varia.
Zoologische Mededelingen 36(1): 1-3. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne puschlavensis.
   
Eisner C. 1978.
Parnassiana nova : LIV. Dr. S. Wagener's Bemerkungen zu den Parnassius-formen des Apennin aus Geografisch-Ökologischer sicht.
Zoologische Mededelingen 53(21): 237-242, pl. 1. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne cosenzaensis.		  
   
Eisner C. & Epstein J. 1968.
Parnassius mnemosyne L. in der Südschweiz und in Norditalien. In: Parnassiana nova : XLIII. Nachträgliche Betrachtungen zu der Revision der Subfamilie Parnassiinae (Fortsetzung 16). Zoologische Mededelingen 43(2): 15-17, pl. 1. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne rogervarleti.		  
   
Eisner C. & Racheli T. 1971.
Parnassiana nova : XLVI. Nachtägliche Betrachtungen zu der revision der subfamilie Parnassiana (Fortsetzung 19).
Zoologische Mededelingen 45(6): 87-90, pl. 1-2. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne sbordonii.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1908.
Neue Parnassius-Rassen.
Entomologische Zeitschrift 22(3): 12. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne cuneifer, Parnassius mnemosyne parmenides, Parnassius mnemosyne demaculatus, Parnassius mnemosyne mesoleucus, Parnassius mnemosyne tubulus.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1908.
Neue Parnassier aus der mnemosyne-Gruppe.
Internationale entomologische Zeitschrift 2(3): 17-18. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne dinianus, Parnassius mnemosyne vernetanus, Parnassius mnemosyne turatii, Parnassius mnemosyne silesiacus.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1910 (15.x.1910).
Parnassiusrassen aus der Schweiz und Piemont.
Entomologische Zeitschrift 24(28): 155-156. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne symphorus.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1910 (2.xii.1910).
Zu dem Artikel : Parnassiusrassen aus der Schweiz und Piemont.
Entomologische Zeitschrift 24(35): 192. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne tergestus.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1922 (1.v.1922).
Parnassiana - Parnassius mnemosyne L. in der Schweiz (Fortzetzung).
Societas entomologica 37(5): 18. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne temora.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1922 (1.vi.1922).
Parnassiana - Parnasius mnemosyne in der Schweiz (Fortzetzung).
Societas entomologica 37(6): 23. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne mixtus.		  
   
Fruhstorfer H. 1922 (1.viii.1922).
Parnassiana - Parnasius mnemosyne in der Schweiz (Fortzetzung).
Societas entomologica 37(8): 31-32. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne thebaïda.		  
   
Garavaglia E. 1940.
?
Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 72: 98, pl. 1. (url not available)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne romanus.		  
   
Gómez-Bustillo M. R. & Gómez de Aizpúrua C. 1977.
Nueva raza de Parnassius mnemosyne (L. 1758) (Lep. Papilionidae).
Shilap, revista de lepidopterología 4(16): 341-344, fig. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne ozalensis.		  
   
Kolar H. 1943.
Parnassius mnemosyne L. in der Auvergne.
Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 28: 347-348. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne montdorensis. 		 
   
Nardelli U. & Giandolfo B. 1991.
Eine neue Unterart von Parnassius mnemosyne L. in Sizilien (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).
Entomologische Zeitschrift 101(23): 433-452. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne aldinae.		  
   
Peebles H. M. & Bryk F. 1931.
Parnassius mnemosyne subsp. republicanus (n).
Parnassiana 1(6): 4. (url not available)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne republicanus.		  
   
Rothschild Lord W., 1909.
Catalogue of the Collection of Parnassiinae in the Tring Museum, with systematic notes.
Novitates Zoologicae, a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum 16(1): 1-20. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne parvimacula, Parnassius mnemosyne hungaricus.		  
   
Rütimeyer E. 1969.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der schweizerischen Mnemosyne-Formen, über zwei neue Parnassius mnemosyne L. ssp im Berner Oberland.
Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Gessllschaft Basel (nf)19(4): 111-113, fig. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne ekplektus, Parnassius mnemosyne phaiohyalinus.		  
   
Sala G. & Bollino M. 1992.
A new subspecies of Parnassius mnemosyne L. from Tosco-Emilian Apennines and considerations about populations of the same range (Lepldoptera, Papilionidae).
Atalanta 23(1/2): 123-125, fig. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne guccinii.		  
   
Siépi P. 1909 (10.i.1909).
Observations relatives à une forme provençale de Parnassien.
Annales du Musée d'histoire naturelle de Marseille 12(suppl.): 3-7. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne cassiensis.		  
   
Turati E. 1907.
Nuove forme di Lepidotteri.
Il Naturalista siciliano, giornale di scienze naturali 20(1-3): 1-48. (url)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne pyraenaica, Parnassius mnemosyne nebrodensis.		  
   
Turati E. 1909.
Nuove forme di Lepidotteri e note eritche.
Il Naturalista siciliano, giornale di scienze naturali 21(1-8): 1-133, pl. 1-7. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne fruhstorferi.		  
   
Turati E. 1911.
Lepidotteri del Museo Zoologico della R. Università di Napoli - Descrizioni di forme nuove e note critiche.
Annuario del Museo Zoologico della Università di Napoli 3(18): 1-31. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne calabrica.		  
   
Turati E. 1919.
A 1000 metri sull’Appennino Modenese – Note di Lepidotterologia e descrizione di tres nuove specie di micri .
Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 58: 147-187, fig. (url)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne constantinii.		  
   
Vergély R. & Willien P. 1972.
Description de Parnassius mnemosyne rencurelensis ssp. n. du Vercors (Isère).
Entomops 4(26): 37-38, fig. (url not available)
New taxon: Parnassius mnemosyne rencurelensis.		  
   
Verity R. 1905-1911.
Rhopalocera Palearctica, iconograhie et description des papillons diurnes de la région Paléarctique (Papilionidae et Pieridae).
Florence [Italy]: R. Verity. [Vol. 1 - texte]: i-lxxxvi, 1-368, [Vol. 2 - planches]: i-xii, pl. 1-86. (note on publication dates: Kudrna, 1983 (url): 1905: 1-36, pl. 1-7 ; 1906: 37-68, pl. 8-9, 11-13, 15, 21 ; 1907: 69-124, pl. 10, 14, 16-20, 22-23, 26, 41, 43-44 ; 1908: 125-220, pl. 27-34, 40, 42, 45-49 ; 1909: 221-284, pl. 24, 35-39, 48 ; 1911: i-lxxxvi, 285-368, pl. 25, 50-72). (url not available)
New taxa: Parnassius mnemosyne pyraenaica, Parnassius mnemosyne helvetica, Parnassius mnemosyne caucasia.		  
Reference publications  
Bolotov I. A., Gofarov M. Y., Gorbach V. V., Kolosova Y. S., Zheludkova A. A., Kondarov A. V. & Spitsyn V. M. 2021.
Parnassius nebrodensis : A threatened but neglected Apollo Butterfly species from Southern Europe (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae).
Ecologica Montenegrina 40: 140-163, fig. [https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.40.13]		  
   
Condamine F. L., Rolland J., Höhna S., Sperling F. A. H. & Sanmartín I. 2018.
Testing the Role of the Red Queen and Court Jester as Drivers of the Macroevolution of Apollo Butterflies.
Systematic Biology 67(6) : 940-964, fig. [https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy009]		  
   
Cotton A. M., Bolotov I. A., Gofarov M. Y., Gorbach V. V., Kolosova Y. S., Zheludkova A. A., Kondarov A. V. & Spitsyn V. M. 2021.
The correct name for the South Western European species recently separated from Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).
Ecologica Montenegrina 43: 56-58. [https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.43.8]		  
   
Lukhtanov V. A. & Zakharov E. 2023.
Taxonomic Structure and Wing Pattern Evolution in the Parnassius mnemosyne Species Complex (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae).
Insects 14(12), 942: 1-24, fig. [https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14120942]		  
       

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