A systematic and synonymic list of the Riodinidae and the Lycaenidae (part 1) of Western Palearctic butterflies hyperlinked to the original descriptions (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Submitted: 13.v.2026 | Accepted: 10.vi.2026 | Published online: 30.vi.2026.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20156133

Michel Taymans¹ | Sylvain Cuvelier²
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¹ Clos du Moulin Royal 2 bte 02, B-6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium. michel.taymans@hotmail.com
² Diamantstraat 4, B-8900 Ieper, Belgium. sylvain.cuvelier@telenet.be

Abstract
A systematic and synonymic list of the Riodinidae and the Lycaenidae (part I) butterflies of the Western Palearctic is presented, with all names hyperlinked to their original descriptions. The work covers taxonomic hierarchy from family to species level, incorporating historical synonyms, typification details, and bibliographic references, providing a comprehensive and navigable tool for lepidopterists and taxonomists.

Key words
Lepidoptera — Papilionoidea — Riodinidae — Nemeobinae — Lycaenidae — Aphnaeinae — Lycaeninae — Theclinae — Western Palearctic — taxonomy — nomenclature — synonymy — systematic catalogue — type species — original descriptions — type locality — butterfly classification — historical entomology.

Introduction
The present paper deals with the classification of the West Palaearctic representatives of the families Riodinidae and Lycaenidae, with particular emphasis on the subfamily Nemeobiinae and on three subfamilies of Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae, Lycaeninae and Theclinae. Within the West Palaearctic fauna, Nemeobiinae is represented by a single species only, whereas Lycaenidae comprises a considerably larger number of taxa and several additional subfamilies. Owing to this diversity, the remaining West Palaearctic subfamilies of Lycaenidae will be treated separately in subsequent papers.
The habitus generally allows an easy identification of most species included in these groups. However, the examination of genitalia remains necessary in certain cases, particularly within the genus Callophrys, or for distinguishing closely related taxa such as Lycaena candens and L. hippothoe.
Despite the considerable progress achieved in recent years, several taxonomic and systematic problems still remain unresolved. Further phylogenetic studies will be required to clarify the specific or subspecific status of several taxa and to provide a more satisfactory generic arrangement, especially within the tribes Lycaenini and Eumaeini. Since these groups include closely related species occurring in both the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions, future studies should adopt a comprehensive approach including taxa from the entire Holarctic region in order to achieve a more stable and natural classification.
Several species groups continue to present substantial taxonomic difficulties, and the status of some taxa remains uncertain, whether they should be regarded as distinct species, subspecies, or evolutionary significant units (ESUs). This uncertainty applies, for example, to taxa such as Lycaena heracleana, Cigaritis estherae and Satyrium vandalusica.
Regular updates to a comprehensive systematic and synonymic reference list are therefore essential. A dynamic, continuously maintained list offers clear advantages over fixed, paper-based publications, which cannot be revised once issued and may become outdated relatively quickly as new taxonomic insights emerge.

Family Riodinidae Grote, 1895
[ORIG]	Riodinidae Grote, 1895. Mitt. Roemer Mus. Hildesheim (1): [2], [4].
	TG:	Riodina Westwood, 1851.
[JH]	Erycinidae Swainson, 1827. Phil. Mag. (2)1(3): 185.
	TG:	Erycina Fabricius, 1807. Mag. Insektenk. 6: 286, nec Erycina Lamarck, 1805. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 6: 413.
Subfamily Nemeobiinae Bates, 1868
[ORIG]	Nemeobiinae Bates, 1868. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 9: 412.
	TG:	Nemeobius Stephens, 1827 (= Hamearis Hübner, [1819]).
[JS]	Hamearinae Tutt, 1906. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 8: 299.
	TG:	Hamearis Hübner, [1819].
Tribe Nemeobiini Bates, 1868
[ORIG]	Nemeobiinae Bates, 1868. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 9: 412.
	TG:	Nemeobius Stephens, 1827 (= Hamearis Hübner, [1819]).
[JS]	Hamearinae Tutt, 1906. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 8: 299.
	TG:	Hamearis Hübner, [1819].
Genus Hamearis Hübner, [1819]
[ORIG]	Hamearis Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 19.
	TS:	Papilio lucina Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation by Curtis, 1830. Brit. Entomol. 5: no. 316.
[JS]	Nemeobius Stephens, 1827. Illustr. Brit. Entomol. (Haustellata) 1(4): 28-29.
	TS:	Papilio lucina Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.
Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio lucina Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 480.
	TL:	S England.
[IFS]	Nemeobius lucina ab. primipara Costantini, 1916. Atti Soc. Nat. Mat. Modena (5)3: 15.
	TL:	Monte Gibbio (Modena prov., Italy).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina f. semibrunnea Vorbrodt, 1917. In: Vorbrodt & Müller-Rutz, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12(9-10): 443.
	TL:	Geneva (W Switzerland).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina f. fulvior Rocci, 1923. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 2: 6-7.
	TL:	Piedmont (NW Italy).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina var. browni Oberthür, 1923. In: Lhomme, Cat. Lépid. Fr. Belg.: 72.
	TL:	Cadaujac (Gironde, France).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina race praestans Verity, 1923. In: Verity & Querci, Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 35(suppl.): 13.
	TL:	Vingone Valley, Florence (Tuscany, Italy).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina race parvifulvior Verity, 1923. In: Verity & Querci, Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 35(suppl.): 14.
	TL:	Belstead Wood, Ipswich (Suffolk, UK).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina race thurneri Dannehl, 1925. Entomol. Z. 39(2): 6.
	TL:	Karawanks (Carinthia, Austria).
[JS]	Nemeobius lucina var. sorini Pionneau, 1926. Échange 42(424): 7.
	TL:	Gèdre (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., S France).
[SN]	Hamearis lucina race primipara Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 390-381.
		Comb. nov. and Stat. nov. for Nemeobius lucina ab. primipara Costantini, 1916.
Family Lycaenidae [Leach], [1815]
[ORIG]	Lycaenida [Leach], [1815]. In: Brewster, Edinburgh Ency. 9(1): 129.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
[JH]	Lycaenides Herrich-Schäffer, [1843]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1(1): 16.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
Subfamily Aphnaeinae Distant, [1884]
[ORIG]	Aphnaria Distant, [1884]. Rhopal. Malanaya: 196, 233.
	TG:	Aphnaeus Hübner, [1819].
Tribe Aphnaeini Distant, [1884]
[ORIG]	Aphnaria Distant, [1884]. Rhopal. Malanaya: 196, 233.
	TG:	Aphnaeus Hübner, [1819].
Genus Cigaritis Donzel, 1847
[ORIG]	Cigaritis Donzel, 1847. Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. (2)5: 528.
	TS:	Cigaritis zohra Donzel, 1847 by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1875. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10(2): 142.
[JH]	Zerythis Lucas, 1849. Explor. Sci. Algérie, Zool. 3: pl. 1, fig. 8.
	TS:	Zerythis siphax Lucas, 1849 by monotypy ; nec Zerythis Blanchard, 1840. Hist. Nat. Ins. 3: 463.
[JS]	Spindasis Wallengren, 1857. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (NF)2(4): 45.
	TS:	Spindasis masilikazi Wallengren, 1857 by original designation.
[JS]	Apharitis Riley, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32: 78-79.
	TS:	Polyommatus epargyros Eversmann, 1854 by original designation.
Cigaritis zohra Donzel, 1847
[ORIG]	Cigaritis zohra Donzel, 1847. Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. (2)5: 528-529, pl. 8, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Algeria.
[JS]	Cigaritis var. jugurtha Oberthür, 1876. Étud. Entomol. 1: 21.
	TL:	Saïda (Algeria).
[JS]	Cigaritis massinissa Lucas, 1849. Explor. Sci. Algérie, Zool. 3: 364-365.
	TL:	Djebel Amour (Algeria).
[JS]	Cigaritis zohra ssp. littoralis Riley, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32: 75.
	TL:	Oran (Algeria).
[JS]	Cigaritis zohra ssp. guercifi Gallet, 2003. Linneana Belgica 19(3): 129-130, fig.
	TL:	Guercif, Taza (N Morocco).
[JS]	Cigaritis zohra ssp. cryptozohra Tarrier & André, 2016. Alexanor 27(6): 364-367, fig.
	TL:	Tizi-n-Taghatine, SE Taliouine (Anti-Atlas, Morocco).
Cigaritis monticola Riley, 1925
[ORIG]	Cigaritis zohra ssp. monticola Riley, 1925. Entomologist 58: 270.
	TL:	Taghzeft Pass, Aghbalu Larbi (Morocco).
[JS]	Cigaritis monticola ssp. micromonticola Tarrier, 2019. Alexanor 28(7-8): 657-658, fig.
	TL:	Tizi-n-Tamda, NE Ali-Mhammed (High Atlas, Morocco).
Cigaritis allardi  Oberthür, 1909
[ORIG]	Cigaritis allardi Oberthür, 1909. Étud. Lépid. comp. 3: 401-403.
	TL:	Sebdou (Tlemcen prov., Algeria).
[JS]	Cigaritis allardi ssp. occidentalis Le Cerf, 1923. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 28(15): 197-198.
	TL:	Aïn El-Harcha (Morocco).
[JS]	Cigaritis allardi ssp. meridionalis Riley, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32: 72.
	TL:	Djebel Mekter (Algeria).
[JS]	Cigaritis allardi ssp. neomeridionalis Tarrier, 2025. Gen. Cigaritis Morocco: 38, fig.
	TL:	Tizi-n-Ouguerd-Zegzaoune (High Atlas, Morocco).
ESU C. estherae Brévignon, 1985
[ORIG]	Cigaritis allardi ssp. estherae Brévignon, 1985. Alexanor 13(7): 307-308, fig.
	TL:	Agadir (Morocco).
Cigaritis siphax Lucas, 1849
[ORIG]	Cigaritis siphax Lucas, 1849. Explor. Scient. Algérie, Hist. nat. Anim. articul. 3: 362-363, pl. 1, fig. 8a-c.
	TL:	Constantine (Algeria).
[JS]	Cigaritis siphax ab.(var.) erythrea Staudinger, 1892. Dt. Entomol. Z. 5(2): 280.
	TL:	Tunis (Tunisia).
[JS]	Cigaritis zohra ssp. orientalis Riley, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32: 76.
	TL:	Ksar El Boukhari (Algeria).
Cigaritis myrmecophila Dumont, 1922
[ORIG]	Cigaritis myrmecophila Dumont, 1922. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1922(15): 217-218.
	TL:	Tozeur, Nefta (Tunisia).
Cigaritis acamas  (Klug, 1834)
[ORIG]	Lycaena acamas Klug, 1834. Symb. Phys., Ins. 4: [40], pl. 40, fig. 7.
	TL:	Syria.
[JS]	Cigaritis acamas var. obscurata Staudinger, 1901. In: Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. pal. Faunengeb.: 76.
	TL:	Hadjin, Taurus (Turkey).
[JS]	Apharitis acamas ssp. egyptiaca Riley, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32: 88.
	TL:	Mokkatam Hills (Egypt).
[JS]	Apharitis acamas ssp. cypriaca Riley, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32: 89.
	TL:	Episkopis (Cyprus).
[JS]	Cigaritis acamas ssp. dueldueli Pfeiffer, 1932. Mitt. Munch. Entomol. Ges. 22(1): 38.
	TL:	Amanus Mts, Düldül Dagi (Turkey).
Subfamily Lycaeninae [Leach], [1815]
[ORIG]	Lycaenida [Leach], [1815]. In: Brewster, Edinburgh Ency. 9(1): 129.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
[JH]	Lycaenides Herrich-Schäffer, [1843]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1(1): 16.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
Tribe Lycaenini [Leach], [1815]
[ORIG]	Lycaenida [Leach], [1815]. In: Brewster, Edinburgh Ency. 9(1): 129.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
[JS]	Lycaenides Herrich-Schäffer, [1843]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1(1): 16.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
[RJ]	Chrysophanidi Scudder, 1889. Butt. east U.S. & Canada 2: 793.
	TG:	Chrysophanus Hübner, 1818 ; rejected by Opinion 541 (ICZN, 1959).
Genus Lycaena Fabricius, 1807
[ORIG]	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807. In: Illiger, Mag. Insektenk. 6: 285-286.
	TS:	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 by subsequent designation by Curtis, [1828]. Brit. Entomol. 5: 12.
[NN]	Lycia Sodoffsky, 1837. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 10: 81-82.
	TS:	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 through Article 67.8 Code ICZN (Lycia is a replacement name for Lycaena Fabricius, 1807).
[JS]	Rumicia Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 131.
	TS:	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 by original designation.
Subgenus Helleia Verity, 1943
[ORIG]	Lycaena (Helleia) Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 20, 48.
	TS:	Papilio helle [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 by original designation.
Lycaena helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
[ORIG]	Papilio helle [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ankündung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend: 181.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio amphidamas Esper, [1781]. Schmett. Abb. Nat.1(2): 46-48, pl. 58, fig. 4.
	TL:	Braunschweig (Lower Saxony, Germany).
[JH]	Papilio xanthe Lang, 1789.Verz. Schmett. Gegend. Ausburg (ed. 2): 52.
	TL:	Leipzig (Saxony, Germany) ; nec [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775: 181.
[JS]	Polyommatus amphidamas var. lapponica Backhaus, 1876. Entomol. Monatsbl. 1: 40.
	TL:	Lapland (N Scandinavia).
[JS]	Chrysophanus amphidamas marchica Hannemann, 1928. Int. Entomol. Z. 22(22): 210.
	TL:	Strausberg (Brandenburg, Germany).
[JH]	Heodes amphidamas ssp. pyrenaica Deslandes, 1930. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 15: 243.
	TL:	Porté (Pyrénées-Orientales, S France) ; nec Lycaena orbitulus var. pyrenaica Boisduval, 1840. Gen. Ind. Meth. Eur. Lepid.: 11.
[NN]	Lycaena amphidamas deslandesi Hemming, 1932. Proc. R. entomol. Soc. Lond.7: 29.
		Replacement name for Heodes amphidamas pyrenaica Deslandes, 1930.
[JS]	Lycaena (Heodes) amphidamas leonia Beuret, 1936. Lambillionea 36: 272-276.
	TL:	Tramelan (Berner Jura, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena helle arvernica Bernardi & de Lesse, 1952. Rev. fr. Lépid. 13(13-14): 203, 211, fig.
	TL:	Super-Besse, Vallée de Chaudefour (Puy-de-Dôme dep., France).
[JS]	Lycaena (Helleia) helle ssp. hellesimilis Beuret, 1952. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel 2(8): 101-102.
	TL:	Meggen (Lucerne, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena helle magdalenae Guérin, 1959. Alexanor1(3): 88.
	TL:	Monts de la Madeleine (Loire dep., France).
[JS]	Lycaena helle ssp. perrettei Weiss, 1977. Linn. Belg.6(10): 254-256, fig.
	TL:	Gérardmer (Vosges, France).
[JS]	Lycaena helle ssp. eneli Betti, 1977. Alexanor10(2): 92, fig.
	TL:	Lac de Remoray (Doubs, France).
[JS]	Lycaena helle ssp. arduinnae Meyer, 1980. Linn. Belg.8(3): 131-133, fig.
	TL:	Hoffelt, Hachiville (Luxembourg).
[JS]	Lycaena helle ssp. shchurovi Gorbunov, 2001. Butt. Russia: 110.
	TL:	Lago-Naki plateau, near the Belorechensky pass (NW Caucasus, Krasnodar Krai, S Russian Federation).
Subgenus Thersamonia Verity, 1919
[ORIG]	Thersamonia Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 31(2): 28.
	TS:	Papilio thersamon Esper, 1784 by original designation.
Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834
[ORIG]	Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834. Symb. Phys., Ins. 4: [41], pl. 40, fig. 17-18.
	TL:	Syria.
[JS]	Thersamonia thetis ssp. hephestos Dils & Poorten, 1982. Phegea 13(4): 109-112, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Taygetos (S Greece).
Lycaena thersamon (Esper, [1784])
[ORIG]	Papilio thersamon Esper, [1784]. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 1(2): 176-177, pl. 89 (cont. 39), fig. 6.
	TL:	Volgograd (Russian Federation).
[ORIG]	Papilio xanthe Hübner, [1800]. Samml. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 69, fig. 347-348, [1806]: 53.
	TL:	Volgograd (Russian Federation).
Lycaena phoebus (Blachier, 1905)
[ORIG]	Chrysophanus phoebus Blachier, 1905. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1905(13): 212.
	TL:	Morroco.
Subgenus Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957
[NN]	Thersamonia (Thersamolycaena) Verity, 1957. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 69(10): 225.
	TS:	Papilio dispar Haworth, 1802 by original designation ; replacement name for Disparia Verity, 1943.
[JH]	Thersamonia (Disparia) Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Ital. 2: 21, 58.
	TS:	Papilio dispar Haworth, 1802 by original designation ; nec Nagano, 1916.
[JS]	Lycaena (Rapsidia) Sibatani, 1974. Austral. J. Entomol. 13(2): 109.
	TS:	Papilio dispar Haworth, 1802 by original designation.
Lycaena dispar ([Haworth], 1802)
[ORIG]	Papilio dispar [Haworth], 1802. Prodromus Lepid. Brit.: 3.
	TL:	England.
[JH]	Papilio hippothoe [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 181.
	TL:	Austria ; nec Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus, 1761. Fauna Suec. (ed. 2): 274.
[NN]	Papilio rutilus Werneburg, 1864. Beitr. Schmetterlingsk. 1: 390-391.
		Replacement name for Papilio hippothoe [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775.
[JS]	Chrysophanus dispar var. festivus Krulikovsky, 1910. Rev. russe entomol.9: 300.
	TL:	Vyatka (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Chrysophanus dispar f. continentalis Courvoisier, 1912. Int. entomol. Z. 6(10): 65.
	TL:	Manche (NW France).
[JS]	Chrysophanus dispar var. burdigalensis Lucas, 1913. Int. entomol. Z. 6(40): 282.
	TL:	Bordeaux area (SW France).
[JS]	Chrysophanus dispar var. batavus Oberthür, 1923. Ét. lépid. comp. 21(2): 71-75, pl. 570, fig. 4914, 4915.
	TL:	Friesland (Netherlands).
[JS]	Thersamonia (Disparia) dispar race centralitaliae Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Ital. 2: 61-62, fig. 53-58.
	TL:	Fosso dell'Abate a Viareggio (Lucca prov., Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena (Heodes) dispar ssp. carueli  Le Moult, 1945. Misc. Entomol.42(4): 55.
	TL:	N France.
[JS]	Lycaena (Heodes) dispar ssp. verityi  Le Moult, 1945. Misc. Entomol.42(4): 57.
	TL:	Italy, France.
[JS]	Heodes dispar ssp. ramaini  Le Moult, [1946]. Novit. Entomol. 11-12(1-4): 141.
	TL:	Ural Mountains (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Lycaena dispar ssp. hungarica Szabó, 1956. Folia Entomol. Hung. 9(13): 300-302.
	TL:	Kamaraerdő (Hungary).
[JS]	Lycaena dispar ssp. gronieri Bernardi, 1963. Alexanor3(2): 53.
	TL:	Aisne (Hauts-de-France, N France).
Subgenus Paleochrysophanus Verity, 1943
[ORIG]	Paleochrysophanus Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Ital. 2: 23, 64.
	TS:	Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus, 1761 by original designation.
[ND]	Paleochrysophanus Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 46(5, suppl.): 13, note.
	TS:	Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus, 1761 by original designation ; invalid because there is no generic diagnosis.
Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1761)
[ORIG]	Papilio hippothoe  Linnaeus, 1761. Fauna Suecica(Ed. 2): 274.
	TL:	S Sweden.
[JS]	Papilio chryseis  [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 181.
	TL:	Austria.
[JH]	Papilio euridice Rottemburg, 1775. Naturforscher6: 28-29.
	TL:	Austria ; nec Johannson, 1763. Centuria Ins. Rar.: 23.
[JS]	Papilio xenophon Loche, 1801. Mém. Acad. Sci. Turin 6(2): 149-150, pl.8, n.10.
	TL:	Piedmont (NW Italy).
[JH]	Papilio euridice  Esper, [1804].Schmett. Abb. Nat. Suppl. 1(1): 120, pl. 116, fig. 6-7.
		nec Johannson, 1763. Centuria Ins. Rar.: 23.
[JS]	Papilio eurydame  Hoffmansegg, 1806. Mag. f. Insektenk.5: 178.
	TL:	Geneva (Switzerland).
[JS]	Papilio eurybia  Ochsenheimer, 1808. Schmett. Europa1(2): 81-82.
	TL:	S Switzerland ; Piedmont (NW Italy).
[JS]	[Polyommatus chryseis ]var. stiberi  Gerhard, [1852]. Versuch Mon. europ. Schmett.(9): 19, pl. 35, f. 1a-b.
	TL:	Lapland (N Scandinavia).
[JS]	Polyommatus hippothoe var. italica  Calberla, 1887. Corr.-Bl. Entomol. Ver. Iris1(1)(4): 126.
	TL:	Gran Sasso (Abruzzo, C Italy).
[JS]	Polyommatus hippothoe var. groningana  Ter Haar, 1900. Tijdschr. Entomol. 43(3-4): 242.
	TL:	Groningen (Netherlands).
[JS]	Chrysophanus hippothoe ssp. cisalpina  Fruhstorfer, 1909. Int. entomol. Z.3(21): 120.
	TL:	Val Maggia, Fusio (Ticino, Switzerland).
[JS]	Chrysophanus hippothoe f. valderiana  Turati & Verity, 1911. Bull. Soc. entomol. Ital.42: 243-244.
	TL:	Valdieri (Piedmont, NW Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus hippothoe mirus  Verity, 1913. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 32(215): 188, 191.
	TL:	Pyrenees (France, Spain).
[JS]	Chrysophanus hippothoe var. stieberioides  Ebert, 1926. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 40: 35.
	TL:	Oberstdorf (S Bavaria, Germany).
[JS]	Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe race paraeurydice  Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurn. Ital. 2: 69.
	TL:	Val Susa, Bardonecchia (Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus hippothoe ssp. parrai  Agenjo, 1944. Eos 20(1-2): 78-79, pl. 2, f. 4-6.
	TL:	Laguna de Camero (La Rioja, N Spain).
[JS]	Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe ssp. engadiniana Beuret, 1953. Mitt. entomol. Ges. Basel (n.f.)3(1): 6-7.
	TL:	Grisons, Engadine (Switzerland).
[JS]	Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe ssp. bernardii  Beuret, 1955. Mitt. entomol. Ges. Basel (n.f.)5(7): 113-114.
	TL:	Cévennes (France).
[JS]	Lycaena hippothoe ssp. sumadiensis  Szabó, 1956. Folia Entomol. Hung. 9(13): 304.
	TL:	Kaposvár (Hungary).
[JS]	Lycaena (Palaeochrysophanus) hippothoe ssp. curti  Fernández Vidal, 1992. Guia Marip. diurn. Galicia: 94.
	TL:	Galicia (NW Spain).
Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844])
[ORIG]	Polyommatus candens Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1(7) : pl. 49, fig. 229-231 ; [1845] 1(10): 133.
	TL:	Turkey.
[JS]	Chrysophanus hippothoe ssp. leonhardi Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rundsch.34(4): 16.
	TL:	Bulgaria.
[JH]	Palaeochrysophanus candens ssp. pfeifferi Beuret, 1952. Mitt. entomol. Ges. Basel(n.f.) 2(7): 59-60.
	TL:	Achalzich (Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia).
Subgenus Heodes Dalman, 1816
[ORIG]	Zephyrus (Heodes) Dalman, 1816. K. svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl.(1b) 1816: 63.
	TS:	Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation by Crotch, 1872. Cist. Entomol. 1(4): 71.
[JS]	Chysoptera Zincken, 1817. Allg.-Lit. Ztg Halle 3(218): 75.
	TS:	Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation by Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 131.
[ISS]	Chrysoptera Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 131.
		Incorrect subsequent spelling for Chysoptera Zincken, 1817.
[JS]	Loweia Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 131.
	TS:	Papilio dorilis Hüfnagel, 1766 by original designation.
[JS]	Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 46(5, suppl.): 13, note.
	TS:	Papilio tityrus Poda, 1761 by original designation.
[JS]	Heodes (Alciphronia) Koçak, 1992. Misc. Pap., CESA (16): 2.
	TS:	Papilio alciphron Rottemburg, 1775by original designation.
Lycaena ottomanus (Lefebvre, [1830])
[ORIG]	Polyommatus ottomanus Lefebvre, 1831. Mag. Zool. 1(2): 19[1+2], pl. 46, fig. 3a-b.
	TL:	Balıkesir (W Turkey).
[JH]	Lycaena legeri Freyer, 1830. Beitr. eur. Schmett.3(23): 125-126, pl. 133, fig. 1.
	TL:	Istanbul (Turkey).
Lycaena bleusei (Oberthür, 1884)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus xanthe f.(var.) bleusei Oberthür, 1884. Étud. Entomol. 8: 15 (nota), [52].
	TL:	El Pardo (Madrid, C Spain).
Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 484.
	TL:	Sweden.
[JS]	Polyommatus virgaureae var. montana Meyer-Dür, 1852. Verz. Schmett. Schweiz 1: 53.
	TL:	Glacier du Rhône (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena oranula Freyer, 1845. Neuere Beitr. Schmett. 5(76): 120-121, pl. 455, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Lapland (N Scandinavia).
[JS]	Polyommatus miegii Vogel, 1857. Allg. Dt. naturhist. Ztg. 3: 201-206, pl. 6, fig. 1-4.
	TL:	Sierra de Guadarrama, Escorial (C Spain).
[JS]	Polyommatus virgaureae zermattensis Fallou, 1865. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (4)5: 101-102, pl. 2, fig. 3.
	TL:	Zermatt (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Polyommatus virgaureae var. apennina Calberla, 1888. Corr.-Bl. Entomol. Ver. Iris 1(1)(4): 125.
	TL:	Gran Sasso, Boscolungo (C Italy).
[JS]	Polyommatus virgaureae var. aureomicans Heyne, 1897. Soc. Entomol.12(2): 9.
	TL:	Taurus, Mersin (S Turkey).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae var. armeniaca Bang-Haas, 1906. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 19(3): 128-129.
	TL:	Tschorum (Armenia).
[JH]	Chrysophanus virgaureae var. caucasica Jachontov, 1908. Rev. Russe Entomol. 8: 291.
	TL:	N Caucasus (Russian Federation) ; nec Lycaena corydon var. caucasica Lederer, 1870.
[JS]	Crysophanus [sic] virgaureae ssp. athanagild Fruhstorfer, 1908. Int. entomol. Z. 2(29): 194.
	TL:	Grisons, Engadine (Switzerland).
[JS]	Chryhsophanus [sic] virgaureae ssp. juvara Fruhstorfer, 1908. Int. entomol. Z. 2(29): 195.
	TL:	Passau (Bavaria, S Germany).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. osthelderi Fruhstorfer, 1909. Int. entomol. Z. 3(20): 113.
	TL:	Fusio (Ticino, Switzerland) ; Formazza, Tosafall (Piedmont, NW Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. alexandrae Fruhstorfer, 1909. Int. entomol. Z. 3(21): 120.
	TL:	Turgojak (Ural, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. pelusiota Fruhstorfer, 1910. Entomol. Z. 24(26): 144.
	TL:	Cogne (N Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae race inalpinus Verity, 1913.J. linn. Soc. (Zool.) 32(215): 187.
	TL:	Valdieri (Piedmont, NW Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. chrysorhoas Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1-2): 33.
	TL:	Homburg (Germany).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. cissites Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1-2): 34.
	TL:	Gadmental (Bern, Switzerland).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. theages Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1-2): 40.
	TL:	Le Prese et Brusio, Poschlovtal (Grisons, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena virgaureae ssp. vera Hemming & Graves, 1928.The Entomologist 61: 87.
	TL:	Haute-Loire dep. (France).
[JS]	Lycaena virgaureae ssp. pyrenaeicola Hemming & Graves, 1928. The Entomologist 61: 104.
	TL:	Pyrénées orientales dep. (France).
[JS]	Lycaena virgaureae ssp. balcanicola Hemming & Graves, 1928. The Entomologist 61: 106.
	TL:	Kostenetz (S Bulgaria).
[JS]	Heodes virgaureae race gravesica Verity, 1929. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1929(7): 129.
	TL:	Aigoual (Lozère dep., France).
[JS]	Heodes virgaureae race mediomontana Verity, 1929. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1929(7): 131.
	TL:	Col de Sestrières (Piedmont, NW Italy) ; Montgenèvre (Hautes-Alpes dep., SE France).
[JS]	Heodes virgaureae race pyrenemontana Verity, 1929. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1929(7): 131.
	TL:	Gèdre (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., France).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. delicata Higgins, 1930. The Entomologist 63(804): 99.
	TL:	Piedmont (NW Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus virgaureae ssp. rhenana Heydemann, 1943. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 55: 99.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Lycaena virgaureae ssp. pyronitens Szabó, 1956. Folia entomol. Hung. 9(13): 299, 340.
	TL:	Hungary.
[JS]	Lycaena (Heodes) virgaureae denizae Eckweiler & Rose, 1993. Nachr. Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 13(3a): 356, pl. 1, f. 1-8.
	TL:	Isparta, Eğridir, Aksu, Dedegöl Dağ (Turkey).
[NN]	Lycaena virgaureae nom. nov. mikaeli Tsvetkov, 2010. Caucasian Entomol. Bull.6(1): 99.
		Replacement name for Chrysophanus virgaureae caucasica Jachontov, 1908.
Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761)
[ORIG]	Papilio tityrus Poda, 1761. Ins. Mus. Graec.: 77.
	TL:	Graz area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio acrion Brünnich, 1763. In: Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas 1: 685-686, pl. 30, fig. [1].
	TL:	Denmark.
[JS]	Papilio dorilis Hufnagel, 1766. Berlin. Mag. 2(1): 68-69.
	TL:	Berlin (Germany).
[JS]	Papilio phocas Rottemburg, 1775. Der Naturforscher 6: 29.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio xanthe [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 181.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JH]	Papilio circe [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 181.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria) ; nec Papilio circe Fabricius, 1775. Syst. entomol.: 495.
[JH]	Papilio rubi Geoffroy, 1785. Entomol. Paris 2: 245.
	TL:	Paris (France) ; nec Papilio rubi Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 483.
[JS]	Papilio garbus Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insect. 2: 81.
	TL:	Austria.
[JS]	Polyommatus myopa Latreille, 1805. Hist. nat. Crust. Ins. 14: 121.
	TL:	France, Germany.
[JS]	Polyommatus circe var. subalpina Speyer, 1851. Entomol. Ztg.12(11): 339.
	TL:	Patscher Kofel (Tirol, Austria).
[JS]	Polyommatus xanthe var. montana Meyer-Dür, 1852. Verz. Schmett. Schweiz1: 60.
	TL:	Gotthard Pass (Ticino, Switzerland).
[JS]	Chrysophanus dorilis var. locarnensis Tutt, 1903. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 15(9): 224.
	TL:	Locarno (Ticino, Switzerland).
[JS]	Loweia dorilis race italorum Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 31(2): 29.
	TL:	Italy.
[JS]	Chrysophanus dorilis ssp. reverdini Stauder, 1921. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 35: 30.
	TL:	Faito, Aspromonte (S Italy).
[JS]	Palaeoloweia tityrus race pallidepicta Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 46(suppl.): 16.
	TL:	Mont Ventoux (Vaucluse dep., S France).
[JS]	Palaeoloweia tityrus race praebleusei Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 46(suppl.): 17.
	TL:	Puerto de Pajares (Asturias, NW Spain).
[JS]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) tityrus race catherinei Verity, 1948. Var. géogr. saison. pap. diurn. Fr.: 58.
	TL:	Val de Héas (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., S France).
[JS]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) tityrus race oceanitis Verity, 1948. Var. géogr. saison. pap. diurn. Fr.: 58.
	TL:	Marsas, St. Côme (Gironde dep.), Puybelliard, Olonne (Vendée dep.) (W France).
[JS]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) tityrus race mixtalpina Verity, 1948. Var. géogr. saison. pap. diurn. Fr.: 60.
	TL:	Vallée du Boréon (Alpes-Maritimes dep., SE France).
[JS]	Lycaena (Heodes) tityrus argentifex Bálint, 1990. Janus Pannonius Múz. Évkönyve 34:  54-59, fig. 1-4.
	TL:	Békási-szoros, Kupás-p. (Romania).
Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775)
[ORIG]	Papilio alciphron Rottemburg, 1775. Naturforscher 6: 10-11.
	TL:	Berlin area (E Germany).
[JH]	Papilio virgaeaureae Hufnagel, 1766. Berlin. Mag. 2(1): 80-81.
	TL:	Berlin area (E Germany) ; nec Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 484.
[JS]	Papilio lampetie [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 322.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio gordius Sulzer, 1776. Abg. Gesch. Ins. 1: 146.
	TL:	Bünden (Grisons, Switzerland).
[JH]	Papilio hippothoe Esper, [1777]. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 1(1): 342-343 [1779], pl. 35, fig. 5 [1777].
	TL:	Germany ; nec Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus, 1761. Fauna Suec. (ed. 2): 274.
[JS]	Papilio hiere Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insect. 2: 80.
	TL:	Austria.
[JH]	Papilio helle Borkhausen, 1788. Naturg. eur. Schmett. 1: 146-147.
	TL:	Germany ; nec Papilio helle [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 181.
[JS]	Papilio columbanus Prunner, 1798. Lepid. Pedemont.: 76.
	TL:	Piedmont (NW Italy).
[JS]	Polyommatus alciphron intermedia Stefanelli, 1874. Bull. Soc. entomol. Ital. 6: 85.
	TL:	Tuscany (Italy).
[JS]	Polyommatus alciphron var. melibaeus Staudinger, 1878. Horae Soc. Entomol. Ross. 14(2-3): 231-232.
	TL:	Amasya (N Turkey).
[JS]	Polyommatus cupreus Cosmovici, 1892.Naturaliste 14(136): 255.
	TL:	Neamț (Romania).
[JS]	Chrysophanes gordius var. granadensis Ribbe, 1905. Soc. entomol. 20(18): 138.
	TL:	Andalusia (S Spain).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. isokrates Fruhstorfer, 1909. Int. Entomol. Z. 3(21): 120.
	TL:	Simplon, Iselle (Switzerland) ; Val de Cogne (Aoste, NW Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. romanorum Fruhstorfer, 1909. Int. Entomol. Z. 3(21): 120.
	TL:	Rome (C Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. gaudeolus Fruhstorfer, 1909. Int. Entomol. Z. 3(21): 120.
	TL:	Zermatt (Valais, Switzerland) ; Lana (South Tyrol, SE Italy).
[JS]	Polyommatus gordius diniensis Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 114, 667, pl. 38, fig. 245.
	TL:	Digne (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence dep., SE France).
[JS]	Polyommatus gordius rondoui Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 114, 667, pl. 38, fig. 246.
	TL:	Gèdre (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., S France).
[JS]	Polyommatus gordius nevadensis Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 114, 667, pl. 38, fig. 248.
	TL:	Sierra Nevada (Andalusia, S Spain).
[JS]	Polyommatus gordius bellieri Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 114, 667, pl. 38, fig. 249-250.
	TL:	Madonie (Sicily, S Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. aetnea Turati, 1911. Soc. Entomol. 25(21): 81-82.
	TL:	Catane, Nicolosi Etnea (Sicily, S Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. ruehli Turati, 1911. Soc. Entomol. 25(21): 83.
	TL:	Cerchio (Abruzzo, C Italy).
[IFS]	Chrysophanus alciphron gordius s.-race calabrus Verity, 1913. Bull. Soc. entomol. ital. 45: 228, pl. 1, fig. 43.
	TL:	Piani di Carmelia, Aspromonte (Calabria, S Italy).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. chairemon Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 16-17.
	TL:	Orsowa (Bulgaria) ; Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. fruginus Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 17.
	TL:	Armenia.
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. madytus Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 17.
	TL:	Petralia (Sicily, S Italy).
[ND]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. gallon Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 17.
	TL:	Digne (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence dep., SE France) ; nomen nudum, not described.
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. veronius Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 17.
	TL:	Gèdre (Hautes-Pyrénées dep., S France).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. epidelion Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 17-18.
	TL:	Alpes-Maritimes (SE France).
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron ssp. deinareton Fruhstorfer, 1917. Entomol. Rdsch. 34(4): 18.
	TL:	Gran Sasso, Sibillini Mountains (C Italy).
[JS]	Loweia alciphron race mirabilis Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 31(2): 28-29.
	TL:	Monte Senario, Vaglia (Tuscany, Italy).
[JS]	Loweia alciphron race insignis de Sagarra, 1924. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat. (2)4(9): 201.
	TL:	Albarracin (Aragón, Spain).
[JS]	Loweia alciphron race paupercula de Sagarra, 1924. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat. (2)4(9): 201-202.
	TL:	Puerto de Orihuela del Tremedal (Aragón, Spain).
[JH]	Chrysophanus alciphron violacea Pionneau, 1926. Échange 42(424): 7.
	TL:	Gironde (E France) ; nec Polyommatus chryseis violacea Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 130.
[JS]	Loweia alciphron race ultragordius Verity, 1926. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 38(7/8): 105.
	TL:	Oulx (Piedmont, NW Italy).
[NN]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) alciphron race oceani  Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurn. Ital. 2: 43.
		Replacement name for Chrysophanus alciphron violacea Pionneau, 1922.
[JS]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) alciphron race citragordius Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurn. Ital. 2: 45-46.
	TL:	Turbigo (Lombardy, NW Italy).
[JS]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) alciphron race minutepunctata Verity, 1948. Var. géogr. saison. pap. diurn. Fr.: 62-63.
	TL:	Champ de tir de Nîmes (Gard dep., S France).
[JS]	Heodes (Chrysophanus) alciphron ssp. rhaetica Beuret, 1952. Mitt. entomol. Ges. Basel (NF) 2: 86.
	TL:	Ardez, Tarasp (Graubünden, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena alciphron ssp. cumanicus Szabó, 1956. Folia entomol. Hung. (NS) 9(13): 305, 340.
	TL:	Peszér (Hungary).
[JS]	Heodes alciphron ssp. ochsenfeldinus Betti, 1977. Alexanor 10(2): 91.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Lycaena alciphron ssp. burgundiae Bellenger & Descimon, 1977. Alexanor 10(4): 165.
	TL:	Bourgogne (NE France).
[JS]	Lycaena alciphron ssp. morvandica Bellenger & Descimon, 1977. Alexanor 10(4): 166.
	TL:	Morvan (France).
[JS]	Heodes alciphron ssp. boyarensis Verdugo-Páez, 1984. SHILAP 12(45): 56.
	TL:	Grazalema (Cádiz prov., S Spain).
ESU L. heracleana (Blachier, 1908)
[JS]	Chrysophanus alciphron var. heracleana Blachier, 1908. Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. 77(2): 217.
	TL:	Atlas Mountains (Morocco).
Subgenus Lycaena Fabricius, 1807
[ORIG]	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807. In: Illiger, Mag. Insektenk. 6: 285-286.
	TS:	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 by subsequent designation by Curtis, [1828]. Brit. Entomol. 5: 12.
[NN]	Lycia Sodoffsky, 1837. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 10: 81-82.
	TS:	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 through Article 67.8 Code ICZN (Lycia is a replacement name for Lycaena Fabricius, 1807).
[JS]	Rumicia Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 131.
	TS:	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 by original designation.
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)
[ORIG]	Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761. Fauna Suec. (ed. 2): 285.
	TL:	Västmanland (Sweden).
[JH]	Papilio virgaureae Scopoli, 1763. Entomol. Carniol.: 180-181.
	TL:	Slovenia ; nec Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 484.
[JS]	Papilio timeus Cramer, [1777]. Uitl. Kap. 2(16): 137, pl. 186, fig. E-F.
	TL:	Izmir (Turkey).
[JS]	Hesperia eleus Fabricius, 1798. Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 430-431.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Polyommatus turcicus Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (2): 5, pl. 5, fig. 5.
	TL:	Turkey.
[JS]	Polyommatus xanthe var. schmidtii Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (3): 7, pl. 10, fig. 3.
	TL:	Europe.
[JS]	Polyommatus phlaeas var. cuprinus Peyerimhoff, 1862. Cat. Lepid. Alsace: 13.
	TL:	Hohneck (Vosges, NE France).
[JS]	Polyommatus phlaeas var. transiens Fuchs, 1899. Jahrb. Nassauisch. Ver. Naturk. 52: 120.
	TL:	Loreley (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany).
[JS]	Chrysophanus phlaeas var. phlaeoides Staudinger, 1901. In: Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. pal. Fauneng.: 74.
	TL:	Madeira (Portugal).
[JS]	Chrysophanus phlaeas f. polaris Courvoisier, 1911. Entomol. Z. 24(49): 262.
	TL:	Lapland (N Norway).
[JS]	Rumicia phlaeas race nigrioreleus Verity, 1920. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 32(1): 5.
	TL:	Tuscany (Italy).
[JS]	Rumicia phlaeas race varieleus Verity, 1920. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 32(1): 5-7.
	TL:	Valdieri (Cuneo prov., Piedmont, NW Italy).
[JS]	Rumicia (Chrysophanus) phlaeas f. cyrenaica  Turati, 1922. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. Milano 60: 219-220.
	TL:	Uadi Derna (Cyrenaica prov., Libya).
[JS]	Heodes phlaeas race hyperborea Ford, 1924. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1923(5): 739, pl. 54, fig. 6.
	TL:	Arctic Norway.
[JS]	Heodes phlaeas lusitanica Bryk, 1940. Arkiv Zool. 32A(22): 20, pl. 6, fig. 37-38.
	TL:	Portugal.
[JS]	Lycaena phlaeas ssp. hibernica Goodson, 1948. The Entomologist 81: 177.
	TL:	Ireland.
Subgenus Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943
[ORIG]	Lycaena (Phoenicurusia) Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 21.
	TS:	Polyommatus phoenicurus Lederer, 1870 by original designation.
[JS]	Athamanthia Zhdanko, 1983. Entomol. Obozr. 62: 161.
	TS:	Lycaena athamantis Eversmann, 1854 by original designation.
Lycaena japhetica Nekrutenko & Effendi, 1983
[ORIG]	Lycaena japhetica Nekrutenko & Effendi, 1983. Vestnik. Zool. 1983(4): 12.
	TL:	Dizavarchay river ( Absheron distr., Azerbaijan).
[ORIG]	Lycaena japhetica irghiza Nekrutenko, 1985. Vestnik. Zool. 1985(4): 31-32, fig.
	TL:	Irghiz (Aktjubinsk reg., Kazakhstan).
Subfamily Theclinae Swainson, 1831
[ORIG]	Theclanae Swainson, 1831. Zool. Illustr. (2)2: [text pl. 85].
	TG:	Thecla Fabricius, 1807.
Tribe Theclini Swainson, 1831
[ORIG]	Theclanae Swainson, 1831. Zool. Illustr. (2)2: [text pl. 85].
	TG:	Thecla Fabricius, 1807.
Genus Thecla Fabricius, 1807
[ORIG]	Thecla Fabricius, 1807. In: Illiger, Mag. Insektenk. 6: 286.
	TS:	Papilio betulae Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation by Swainson, 1821. Zool. Illustr. 2: 482.
[JS]	Theclaria Rafinesque, 1815. Analyse Nat.: 128.
	TS:	Papilio betulae Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.
[JS]	Zephyrus Dalman, 1816. K. svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (1b) 1816: 62.
	TS:	Papilio betulae Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
[JS]	Aurotis Dalman, 1816. K. svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (1b) 1816: 63.
	TS:	Papilio betulae Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.
[JS]	Ruralis Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 130.
	TS:	Papilio betulae Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
[JS]	Iozephyrus Wang & Fan, 2002. Butt. Fauna Sinica, Lycaenidae: 30.
	TS:	Thecla betulina Staudinger, 1887 by original designation.
Thecla betulae Fabricius, 1807
[ORIG]	Papilio betulae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 482.
	TL:	Sweden.
[JS]	Papilio apelles Villers, 1789. Caroli Linnei Entomol. 2: 536.
	TL:	Lyon (C France).
[JS]	Thecla betulae var. spinosae Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (2): 3, pl. 3, fig. 2.
	TL:	Europa.
Genus Favonius Sibatani & Ito, 1942
[ORIG]	Favonius Sibatani & Ito, 1942. Tenthredo 3(4): 327.
	TS:	Dipsas orientalis Murray, 1875 by original designation.
[JS]	Quercusia Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 343.
	TS:	Papilio quercus Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
Favonius quercus (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio quercus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 482.
	TL:	England (UK).
[JS]	Papilio epeus Sulzer, 1776. Gesch. Ins. nach linn. Syst. 1: 145-146 ; 2: pl. 18, fig. 10.
	TL:	Switzerland.
[JS]	Thecla quercus var. bellus Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (2): 4, pl. 4, fig. 2.
	TL:	Europe.
[JS]	Zephyrus quercus var. iberica Staudinger, 1901. Cat. Lep. Pal. Fauneng. 1: 71.
	TL:	C and S Iberian Peninsula ; Mauretania (Morocco).
[JS]	Thecla quercus var. violacea Niepelt, 1914. Int. Entomol. Z. 8(26): 144.
	TL:	Magdeburg (Germany).
[JS]	Bithis quercus race interjecta Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 31(3): 48.
	TL:	Italy.
Genus Laeosopis Rambur, 1858
[ORIG]	Laeosopis Rambur, 1858. Cat. syst. lépid. Andal.: 33.
	TS:	Papilio roboris Esper, 1789 by monotypy.
[JH]	Aurotis Kirby, 1862. Man. Eur. Butt. : 87.
	TS:	Papilio roboris Esper, 1789 by monotypy ; nec Aurotis Dalman, 1816. K. svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (1b) 1816: 63.
Laeosopis roboris (Esper, [1793])
[ORIG]	Papilio roboris Esper, [1793]. Schmett. Abb. Nat.Suppl. 1(1): 59-60, pl. 103 (cont. 58), fig. 5.
	TL:	Frankfurt (Hesse, Germany). [very likely error, probably SW Europe]
[JS]	Papilio evippus Hübner, 1793. Samml. Ausserl. Vög. Schmett.: 11, pl. 56-57.
	TL:	-.
[JS]	Papilio evippus Hübner, [1800]. Samml. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 73, fig. 366-367, [1806]: 55-56.
	TL:	Spain.
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris var. lusitanica Staudinger, 1892. Dt. Entomol. Z. 4(2): 232.
	TL:	Algarve (S Portugal).
[JS]	Jamides roboris race escorialensis Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. Comp. 4: 57.
	TL:	El Escorial (C Spain).
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris race demissa Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 342.
	TL:	Guillaumes (Alpes Maritimes dep., SE France).
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris magis Agenjo, 1963. Bol. Serv. Plag. Forest. 6(12): 136.
	TL:	NW Spain.
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris mudarra Agenjo, 1963. Bol. Serv. Plag. Forest. 6(12): 137.
	TL:	NE Spain.
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris higginsi Agenjo, 1963. Bol. Serv. Plag. Forest. 6(12): 138.
	TL:	Granada (S Spain).
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris portaensis Betti, 1977. Alexanor 10(2): 93.
	TL:	Porté (Pyrénées-Orientales dep., S France).
[JS]	Laeosopis roboris thiersi Betti, 1977. Alexanor 10(2): 94.
	TL:	Lamalou-les-Bains (Hérault dep., S France).
Tribe Deudorigini Doherty, 1886
[ORIG]	Deudoriginae Doherty, 1886. J. asiat. Soc. Bengal. (2) 55(2): 110.
	TG:	Deudorix Hewitson, 1863.
Genus Deudorix Hewitson, 1863
[ORIG]	Deudorix Hewitson, 1863. Ill. diurn. Lepid. Lycaenidae 1: 16-17.
	TS:	Dipsas epijarbas Moore, 1858 by original designation.
[JS]	Virachola Moore, [1881]. Lepid. Ceylon 1(3): 104.
	TS:	Deudorix perse Hewitson, 1863 by original designation.
Deudorix livia (Klug, 1834)
[ORIG]	Lycaena livia Klug, 1834. Symb. Phys., Ins. 4: [39-40], pl. 40, fig. 3-4.
	TL:	Egypt.
Tribe Tomarini Eliot, 1973
[ORIG]	Tomarini Eliot,1973. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28(6): 439.
	TG:	Tomares Rambur, [1840].
Genus Tomares Rambur, [1840]
[ORIG]	Tomares Rambur, [1840]. Faune entomol. Andal. 2(5): 261.
	TS:	Papilio ballus Fabricius, 1787 by monotypy.
Tomares ballus (Fabricius, 1787)
[ORIG]	Papilio ballus Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Ins. 2: 80.
	TL:	Spain.
[JS]	Tomares (Thestor) ballus ssp. mareoticus Graves, 1918. Entomologist 51(660): 97-98, pl. 1, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Dekehla (Egypt).
[JS]	Thestor ballus cyrenaica Turati, 1924. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 63: 35-36, pl. 1, fig. 14-16.
	TL:	Berca e Tocra, Benghazi (Libya).
[JS]	T. ballus race phychrokoilios Forbes, 1929. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 41(1): 10.
	TL:	Ronda (S Spain).
[JS]	Thestor ballus race catalonica Sagarra, 1930. Butll. Inst. catal. Hist. nat. (2)10(7): 116.
	TL:	Vallvidrera, Sant Medi (Catalonia, NE Spain).
Tomares mauritanicus (Lucas, 1849)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus mauritanicus Lucas, 1849. Explor. Scient. Algérie, Hist. nat. Anim. articul. 3: 360, pl. 1, fig. 9a-c.
	TL:	Béjaïa (Algeria).
[JS]	Tomares mauretanicus [sic] ssp. amelnorum Tarrier, 1998. Alexanor 20(2): 120, fig. 23-24.
	TL:	Aït-Baha (Anti-Atlas, Morocco).
[JS]	Tomares mauritanicus antonius Brévignon, 1985. Alexanor 13(8): 342, fig.
	TL:	Col de Zad (Middle-Atlas, Morocco).
Tomares nogelii (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])
[ORIG]	Thecla nogelii Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1: pl. 110, fig. 529-532 ; 6(Nachtrag): 33-34 [1852].
	TL:	Amasia (Turkey).
[JS]	Thestor nogelii var. dobrogensis Caradja, 1895. Dt. Entomol. Z. 8: 34.
	TL:	Tulcea (Dobruja, Romania).
Tomares callimachus (Eversmann, 1848)
[ORIG]	Lycaena callimachus Eversmann, 1848. Bull. Soc. imp. nat. Mosc. 21(3): 208-210.
	TL:	Helenendorf (₌ Goygol, Azerbaijan).
[JS]	Tomares callimachus ssp. tauricus Korb & Yakovlev, 1998. Lambillionea 98(1): 141.
	TL:	Sudak (Crimea).
Tribe Eumaeini Doubleday, 1847
[ORIG]	Eumaeidae Doubleday, 1847. List Spec. lepid. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. (2): 20.
	TG:	Eumaeus Hübner, [1819].
Genus Callophrys Billberg, 1820
[ORIG]	Callophrys Billberg, 1820. Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 80.
	TS:	Papilio rubi  Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1875. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10(2): 132.
[JH]	Lycus Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 74.
	TS:	Papilio rubi  Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1875. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10(2): 210 ; nec Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Ins. 1: 163.
Callophrys avis Chapman, 1909
[ORIG]	Callophrys avis Chapman, 1909. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 21(6): 130-131.
	TL:	S France.
[JS]	Callophris [sic] avis f. semipallida Barragué, 1954. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. N. 45(3-4): 185.
	TL:	Algeria.
[JS]	Callophrys avis ssp. barraguei Dujardin, 1972. Entomops 4(25): 7-8, fig. 1.
	TL:	Kaddous (Algeria), Ifrane (Morocco).
[JS]	Callophrys avis ssp. lhafii Tarrier, 2017. Alexanor 28(2): 105-106, fig. 4-5.
	TL:	Aït-Iftene (SW Anti-Atlas, Morocco).
[JS]	Callophrys rubi [sic] ssp. pumilio Tarrier, 2017. Alexanor 28(2): 108-110, fig. 7.
	TL:	Tizi-Tazouguart (Middle Atlas, Morocco).
Callophrys suaveola (Staudinger, 1881)
[ORIG]	Thecla rubi var. suaveola Staudinger, 1881. Entomol. Ztg. 42(7-9): 279-280.
	TL:	Lepsy Valley (Kazakhastan).
[JS]	Callophrys butlerovi Migranov, 1992. Zool. Ž.71(5): 135-140, fig.
	TL:	S Ural (Russian Federation).
Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio rubi Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 483.
	TL:	Sweden.
[JS]	Papilio caecus Geoffroy, 1785. Entomol. Paris. 2: 245-246.
	TL:	Paris (France).
[JS]	Thecla rubi var. borealis Krulikovsky, 1890. Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou (n.s.)4(2): 217-218.
	TL:	Kazan (Tatarstan, Russia Federation).
[JS]	Thecla rubi var. polaris Krulikovsky, 1893. Soc. Entomol. 7(21): 164.
	TL:	Vyatka Governorate (Volga-Vyatka, Russia Federation).
[JS]	Callophrys rubi var. fervida Staudinger, 1901. Cat. Lep. Pal. Fauneng. 1: 70.
	TL:	S Iberian Peninsula ; Mauretania ; …
[JS]	Callophrys rubi var. intermedia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 91.
	TL:	S Europe.
[JS]	Callophrys rubi race virgatus Verity, 1913. J. linn. Soc. (Zool.) 32(215): 187.
	TL:	C and S Europe (Germany ?).
[JS]	Callophrys rubi var. foulquieri Revertegat, 1914. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. N. 5(6): 154-155, fig. 2-4.
	TL:	Bône (= Annaba, NE Algeria).
[JS]	Callophrys rubi var. leucosticta Stauder, 1923. Z. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. 18(3-4): 66.
	TL:	NE Italy.
Callophrys chalybeitincta Sovinsky, 1905
[ORIG]	Callophrys rubi var. chalybeitincta Sovinsky, 1905. Rev. Russ. Entomol. 5(3-4): 109.
	TL:	Derbent (Daghestan, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Callophrys rubi var. caerulescens Bang-Haas, 1912. Dt. Entomol. Z. 26(2): 106.
	TL:	Elizavetpol (Azerbaijan).
[JS]	Callophrys rubi var. schamyl Sheldon, 1914. Entomologist 47(617): 272.
	TL:	Novorossiysk (South Caucasus, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Callophrys chalybeitincta nigra Stradomsky, 2005. Cauc. Entomol. Bull. 1(1): 85-86, fig. 1.
	TL:	Rostov-on-Don, Kumzhensky forest (North Caucasus, Russian Federation).
Genus Neolycaena Nicéville, 1890
[ORIG]	Neolycaena Nicéville, 1890. Butt. India Burmah Ceylon 3: 64-65.
	TS:	Lycaena sinensis Alphéraky, 1881 by original designation.
[JS]	Rhymnaria  Zhdanko, 1983. Entomol. Obozr. 62(1): 150.
	TS:	Lycaena rhymnus Evesmann, 1832 by original designation.
Neolycaena rhymnus (Eversmann, 1832)
[ORIG]	Lycaena rhymnus Eversmann, 1832. Nouv. Mém. Soc. imp. nat. Moscou 2: 350, pl. 19, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	S Ural (Kazakhstan ; Russian Federation).
Genus Satyrium Scudder, 1876
[ORIG]	Satyrium Scudder, 1876. Bull. Buff. Soc. nat. Sci. 3(15): 106.
	TS:	Lycaena fuliginosa Edwards, 1861 by original designation.
[JH]	Argus Gerhard, [1850]. Versuch Monogr. eur. Schmett. (8): 4.
	TS:	Lycaena ledereri Boisduval, 1848 by monotypy ; nec Argus Bohadsch, 1761.
[JS]	Callipsyche Scudder, 1876. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 3: 106-107.
	TS:	Thecla behrii Edwards, 1870 by original designation.
[JS]	Fixsenia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Thecla herzi Fixsen, 1887 by original designation.
[JH]	Leechia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Thecla thalia Leech, 1893 by original designation ; nec Leechia South, 1901 ; replaced by Strymonidia Tutt, [1908].
[JH]	Strymon Hübner, [1819] sensus Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142, 192-195.
	TS:	Papilio pruni Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
[JH]	Felderia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Thecla w-album eximia Fixsen, 1887 by original designation ; nec Felderia Walsigham, 1887.
[JH]	Edwardsia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142, 144-145.
	TS:	Papilio w-album Knoch, 1782 by original designation ; nec Edwardsia Costa, 1838 ; replaced by Chattendenia Tutt, [1908].
[JH]	Kuglia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Papilio spini [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 by original designation ; nec Klugia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863.
[JH]	Kollaria Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Thecla sassanides Kollar, 1850 by original designation ; nec Kollaria Pictet, 1841.
[JH]	Erschoffia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Thecla lunulata Erschoff, 1874 by original designation ; nec Erschoffia Swinhoe, 1900.
[JH]	Bakeria Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142.
	TS:	Lycaena ledereri Boisduval, 1848 by original designation ; nec Bakeria Kieffer, 1905.
[JS]	Nordmannia Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 142-143.
	TS:	Lycaena myrtale Klug, 1834 by original designation.
[NN]	Strymonidia Tutt, [1908]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 483.
		Replacement name for Leechia Tutt, [1907].
[NN]	Chattendenia Tutt, [1908]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 483.
		Replacement name for Edwardsia Tutt, [1907].
[NN]	Tuttiolia Strand, 1910. Entomol. Rdsch. 27(22): 162.
		Replacement name for Kuglia Tutt, [1907].
[NN]	Superflua Strand, 1910. Entomol. Rdsch. 27(22): 162.
		Replacement name for Kollaria Tutt, [1907].
[NN]	Pseudothecla Strand, 1910. Entomol. Rdsch. 27(22): 162.
		Replacement name for Erschoffia Tutt, [1907].
[NN]	Thecliolia Strand, 1910. Entomol. Rdsch. 27(22): 162.
		Replacement name for Felderia Tutt, [1907].
[JS]	Strymonidia (Necovatia) Verity, [1949]. Var. géogr. saison. pap. diurn. Fr.: 183.
	TS:	Papilio acaciae Fabricius, 1787 by original designation.
[JS]	Armenia Dubatolov & Korshunov, 1984. Nov. maloizv. Vidy Fauny Sib. (17): 53.
	TS:	Lycaena ledereri  Boisduval, 1848 by original designation.
Satyrium pruni (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio pruni Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 482.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio ptorsas Hufnagel, 1766. Berlin. Mag. 2(1): 68-69.
	TL:	Berlin (Germany).
Satyrium ilicis (Esper, [1779])
[ORIG]	Papilio ilicis Esper, [1779]. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 1(1): 353-354 ; [1778]: pl. 39 (suppl. 15), fig. 1b (P. pruni var.).
	TL:	Uffenheim (Bavaria, Germany).
[JS]	Papilio cerasi Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Ins. 1: 69.
	TL:	Austria.
[JH]	Polyommatus lynceus Godart, 1823. Tabl. méth. Lépid. Fr.: 47.
	TL:	Europe ; nec Drury, 1773.
[JS]	Papilio cerri Hübner, [1824]. Samml. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 175, fig. 863-866.
	TL:	Austria.
[JS]	Thecla caudatula Zeller, 1847. Isis von Oken 1847(1): 6-7.
	TL:	Austria.
[JS]	Thecla lynceus var. bischoffii Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (2): 3, pl. 2, fig. 4.
	TL:	Turkey.
[JS]	Thecla ilicis var. cilicica Holtz, 1897. Illustr. Wochenschr. Entomol. 2: 46.
	TL:	Cilicia (SE Turkey).
[JS]	Thecla ilicis race inalpina Turati & Verity, 1911. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 42: 272-273, pl. 1, fig. 12-13.
	TL:	Martigny (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Thecla ilicis race inornata Turati & Verity, 1911. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 42: 272-273.
	TL:	Tuscany (Italy).
[JS]	Thecla ilicis var. burdigalensis Pionneau, 1937. Échange 53(469): 11.
	TL:	Gironde (E France).
[JS]	Strymon (Nordmannia) ilicis s.-race fiorii Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurn. Ital. 2: 358, pl. 19 fig. 30-32.
	TL:	Mesola (Ferrara prov., NE Italy).
Satyrium esculi (Hübner, [1804])
[ORIG]	Papilio esculi Hübner, [1804]. Samml. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 109, fig. 559-560, [1806]: 57.
	TL:	Portugal.
[JS]	Thecla ilicioides Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (3): 3, pl. 4, fig. 5.
	TL:	Ronda (Andalusia, S Spain).
[JS]	Thecla ilicioides var. maculatus Gerhard, [1850]. Vers. Monogr. eur. Schmett. (3): 3, pl. 4, fig. 4.
	TL:	Andalusia (S Spain).
[JS]	Thecla ilicis var. mauretanica Staudinger, 1892. Dt. Entomol. Z. 5(2): 279.
	TL:	Tunis (Tunisia) ; Collo, Constantine (NE Algeria).
[JS]	Thecla esculi f. powelli Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 79, 675, pl. 49, fig. 403-404.
	TL:	Khenchela (Algeria).
[JS]	Strimon esculi race camboi Sagarra, 1926. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat. (2)6(6): 135-136.
	TL:	Vilamajor (Barcelona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Strimon esculi race neglecta Sagarra, 1926. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat. (2)6(6): 136.
	TL:	Queralps (Girona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Strymon ilicis pseudoaesculi Bryk, 1940. Arkiv Zool. 32A(22): 19.
	TL:	Spain.
[ND]	Nordmannia esculi ssp. reisseri Beuret. In: Bros & Schmidt-Koehl, 1979. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel 29(1) : 12, 16.
	TL:	Xauen (Morocco) ; nomen nudum, published without description.
Satyrium w-album (Knoch, 1782)
[ORIG]	Papilio w-album Knoch, 1782. Beitr. Insektengesch. 2: 85-88, pl. 6, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Leipzig (E Germany).
[JS]	Papilio cerasi Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Ins. 2: 69.
	TL:	Austria.
[JS]	Papilio w-latinum Lang, 1789. Verz. Schmett. Gegend. Ausburg (ed. 2): 46.
	TL:	Leipzig (E Germany).
[JS]	Thecla w-album var. meridionalis Schultz, 1906. Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 44: 109-110.
	TL:	Nice, Cannes (SE France).
[JS]	Thecla w-album var. majuscula Jachontov, 1911. Izv. Kavk. Muz. 5: 313.
	TL:	Borzom (= Borjomi, C Georgia).
Satyrium spini ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
[ORIG]	Papilio spini [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ankündung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend: 186.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JH]	Papilio lynceus Esper, [1778]. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 1(1): pl. 39, fig. 3 ; [1779]: 356-357.
	TL:	Germany ; nec Drury, 1773. Illustr. Nat. Hist. 1: 12, pl. 7, fig. 1, index.
[JS]	Lycaena melantho Klug, 1834. Symb. Phys., Ins. 4: [40], pl. 40, fig. 10-11.
	TL:	Syria.
[JS]	Thecla spini var. major Oberthür, 1910. Ét. Lépid. comp. 4: 69.
	TL:	Alpes Maritimes (SE France).
[JS]	Thecla linceus brevicaudis Vorbrodt & Müller-Rutz, 1911. Schmett. Schweiz 1: 106.
	TL	Zermatt (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Thecla (Klugia) spini race minuta Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 31(3): 48.
	TL:	Sibillini Mountains (C Italy).
[JS]	Strymon lynceus ssp. anatolicus Lattin, 1950. Rev. Fac. Sci. Istanbul, Sci. Nat. 15(4): 323, pl. 2, fig. 5.
	TL:	Akşehir (Konya prov., Turkey).
ESU S. vandalusica (Lederer, 1853)
[ORIG]	Thecla spini var. vandalusica Lederer, 1853. Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 2 (Abhandl.): 19, 34.
	TL:	Andalusia (S Spain).
[JS]	Strymon spini race bofilli Sagarra, 1924. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat. (2)4(9): 200.
	TL:	Albarracin (Aragón, Spain).
[JS]	Strymon spini race leonensis Manley, 1970. In: Manley & Allcard, Field Guide Butt. Burn. Spain: 114, pl. 35, fig. 29.
	TL:	Riaño (León prov., N Spain).
Satyrium acaciae (Fabricius, 1787)
[ORIG]	Papilio acaciae Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Ins. 2: 69.
	TL:	S Russia (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Thecla acaciae f. nostras Courvoisier, 1913. Int. Entomol. Z. 7(38): 252.
	TL:	Europe.
[JS]	Thecla (Nordmannia) acaciae race italica Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 31(3): 48.
	TL:	Tuscany (Italy).
[JS]	Strimon acaciae race fumosa Sagarra, 1926. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat. (2)6(6-7): 135.
	TL:	Queralps (Girona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Strymon (Nordmannia) acaciae race frigidior Verity, 1926. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 38(7/8): 125.
	TL:	Oulx (Piedmont, NW Italy).
[JS]	Nordmannia guichardi Higgins, 1965. The Entomologist 98: 10.
	TL:	Ankara (Turkey).
Satyrium abdominalis (Gerhard, [1850])
[ORIG]	Thecla abdominalis Gerhard, [1850]. Versuch Monogr. eur. Schmett. (8): 4, pl. 4, fig. 3a-b.
	TL:	Turkey.
[JS]	Thecla acaciae var. gerhardi Staudinger, 1895. Dt. Entomol. Z. 7(2): 241-242.
	TL:	Mardin, Aintab (SE Turkey).
[JS]	Nordmannia elta Higgins, 1964. The Entomologist 97: 197.
	TL:	Berlin (Germany).
Satyrium ledereri Rothschild, 1913
[ORIG]	ELycaena ledereri  Boisduval, 1848. Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. (2)6: xxix.
	TL:	Khardar (Azerbaijan).
[JS]	Fixsenia ledereri ssp. nazeri Larsen, 1974. Alexanor 8(7): 301.
	TL:	Jabal Kesrouan (Lebanon).
[JS]	Satyrium ledereri ssp. christianae Olivier, 1989. Phegea 17(1): 8-12, fig. 7-12.
	TL:	Mt. Karvoúni (Samos Isl., Greece).

Conclusion
This synonymic list offers a foundation for the taxonomy of Western Palearctic Pieridae.
By linking each name to its original description, it enhances transparency, accessibility, and historical accuracy. However, the list is not yet complete, and gaps remain in both hyperlinks and taxonomic data. Researchers, lepidopterists and enthusiasts are warmly invited to contribute by submitting missing hyperlinks, overlooked synonyms, or other relevant information.

Author contribution
Michel Taymans: conceptualisation, analysis, visualisation, writing - original draft, writing – review and editing.
Sylvain Cuvelier: analysis, validation, visualisation, writing – review and editing.