DYN CL SYN Parnassius phoebus


		*Parnassius phoebus* (Fabricius, 1793)

Synonyms
[ORIG]	Papilio (Parnassius) phoebus Fabricius, 1793. Entomol. Syst. 3(1): 181.
		TL (neotype): Altai, Ongudai (Central Asia, Russian Federation).
[JH]	Papilio (Heliconius) delius Esper, [1804]. Schmett. Abb. Nat. Suppl. 1(1): 114-115, pl. 115, fig. 5.
		TL: Genève (Switzerland) ; nec Papilio delius Drury, [1782]. Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Ins. 3: index [1] (name given), 18, pl. 14, f. 5, 6.
[JS]	Parnassius intermedius f. uralensis Ménétriés, 1859. In Schrenck, Reisen Forsch. Amur-Lande 2(1): 13.
		TL: Ural (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus sacerdos Stichel, 1906. Berl. entomol. Z. 51(1): 86.
		TL: Switzerland, Austria ; nom. nov. pro Papilio delius Esper, [1804].
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus ssp. cervinicolus Fruhstorfer, 1907. Entomol. Wochenbl. 24(46): 199.
		TL: Mont Cervin - Matterhorn (Italy ; Switzerland).
[JS]	Parnassius delius ssp. expectatus Fruhstorfer, 1921. Entomol. Rdsch. 38: 13-14.
		TL: Passeier Valley (South Tyrol, NE Italy).
[JS]	Parnassius delius ssp. tessinorum Fruhstorfer, 1921. Entomol. Rdsch. 38: 14.
		TL: Cima di Cagnone (Tessin, Switzerland).
[JS]	Parnassius delius ssp. blachieri Fruhstorfer, 1921. Entomol. Rdsch. 38: 16-17.
		TL: Alpe Veglia (Piedmont, NW Italy).
[JS]	Parnassius delius ssp. serenus Fruhstorfer, 1921. Entomol. Rdsch. 38: 17.
		TL: Piemont (N Italy).
[JS]	Parnassius delius ssp. conferationis Fruhstorfer, 1921. Entomol. Rdsch. 38: 20.
		TL: Maderanertal (Uri, Switzerland).
[JH]	Parnassius delius ssp. hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1922. Entomol. Rdsch. 39: 11.
		TL: Dirnbachtal, Grossglockner (Austria) ; nec Parnassius apollo hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1921. Entomol. Anz. 1(8): 89.
[JS]	Parnassius delius ssp. hansi Bryk, 1923. In: Strand, Lepid. Cat. 27: 212.
		Replacement name, nom. nov. pro Parnassius delius hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1922.
[JS]	Parnassius [phoebus] ssp. eisneri Bryk, 1929. Soc. Entomol. 44(5): 17-18, fig. 2-5.
		TL: Larche (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, SE France).
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus ssp. paradisiacus Turati, 1932. Parco Naz. Gran Paradiso 3: 3, fig. 3-5. (unable to check this).
		TL: Valle dell’Orco, Gran Piano di Noasca (NW Italy).
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus ssp. gazeli Praviel, 1933. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 41(16): 266-268.
		TL: Vallée du Boréon (Alpes-Maritimes, SE France).
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus palamedes Hemming, 1934. Stylops 3(9): 198.
		Replacement name, nom. nov. pro Papilio delius Esper, [1804].
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus ssp. vorbrodti Bryk & Eisner, 1935. Parnassiana 3: 59. (unable to check this).
		TL: Lötschental (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Parnassius phoebus ssp. crocedominensis Nardelli & Sala, 1986. Natura Alpina 37(2): 33-42.
		TL: Prealpi bresciane (Lombardy, N Italy).

Notes
(1)	To stabilize the prevailing usage of the name phoebus Fabricius, 1793 (as required by the Art. 75.6), the ICZN, Opinion 2488 (Case 3767) designates a neotype : male, labeled “Altai, Ongudai”, “к. Авинова” (in Russian; translation = “c[ollection] of Avinoff ”), “Chosen as prospective \| Neotype of Papilio phoebus \| Fabricius, 1793 \| INS_LEP_0000940”, deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 80(1): 71-73. (url)
(2)	List of the taxa not found in the Western Palearctic: P. phoebus phoebus Fabricius, 1793 ; P. phoebus apricatus Stichel, 1906 ; P. phoebus golovinus Holland, 1930 ; P. phoebus nikolaii Asahi, Kanda, Kawata et Kohara, 1999 ; P. phoebus interposita Herz, 1903 ; P. phoebus sedakovii [Ménétriès], [1850] ; P. phoebus sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999 ; P. phoebus corybas Fischer de Waldheim, 1824 ; ...

Bibliography
Bryk F. 1923. In: Strand, Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Pars 27: Baronidae, Teinopalpidae, Parnassiidae. Berlin: W. Junk (Ed.). pp. 1-441. (url not available) New taxon: Papilio delius hansi.

Bryk F. 1929. Parnassiana. Eine neue Rasse von Parnassius phoebus. Societas Entomologica 44(5): 17-18. (url) New taxon: Papilio phoebus eisneri.

Bryk F. & Eisner C. 1935. Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius unter Benutzung des Materials der Kollektion Eisner. Parnassiana 3: 47-62. (url not available) New taxon: Papilio phoebus vorbrodti.

Drury D. 1782. Illustrations of natural history. Wherein are exhibited upwards of two hundred figures of exotic insects, according to their different genera; very few of which have hitherto been figured by any author, being engraved and coloured from nature, with the greatest accuracy, and under the author's own inspection, on fifty copper-plates. With a particular description of each insect: interspersed with remarks and reflections on the nature and properties of many of them. To which is added, a translation into French. Vol. III. London: B. White (Ed.). pp. i-xxvi, 1-76, index ([1]-[2], name given), pl. 1-50. (url) New taxon: Papilio delius.

Eisner C. 1957. Parnassiana nova : XIV. Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius (Fortsetzung 9). Zoologische Mededelingen 35(8): 79-111. (url) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus savoieensis.

Fabricius J. C. 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta ; Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species ; adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Vol. 3, Pars I. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft, Fil. et Soc. (Ed.). pp. i-iv, 1-487. (url) New taxon: Papilio phoebus.

Fruhstorfer H. 1907. Lepidopterischen Charivari vom Gerstaecker der Entomologie. Entomologisches Wochenblatt (Insekten-Börse) 24(46): 199. (url) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus styriacus, Parnassius phoebus cervinicolis.

Fruhstorfer H. 1921. Neue Parnassius apollo Rassen. Entomologische Rundschau 38: 13-14 (url), 16-17 (url), 20-21 (url). New taxon: Parnassius delius expectatus, Parnassius delius blachieri, Parnassius delius serenus, Parnassius delius confederationis.

Fruhstorfer H. 1921. Neue Parnassius-Rassen. Entomologischer Anzeiger 1(8): 87-89. (url) New taxon: Parnassius apollo hermiston.

Fruhstorfer H. 1922. Eine neue Parnassius delius-Rasse aus der Tauernkette. Entomologische Rundschau 39: 11. (url) New taxon: Parnassius delius hermiston.

Hemming F. 1934. Revisional notes on certain species of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera). Stylops 3(9): 193-200. (url) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus palamedes.

Kirby W. F. 1871. A synonymic catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera. London : John Van Voorst (Ed.). pp. 1-690. New taxon: Parnassius intermedius uralensis.

Nardelli U. & Sala G. 1986. Una nuova sottospecie de "Parnassius phoebus" Fabricius, 1793 (Lepidoptera, Parnassiinae) nelle Prealpi bresciane. Natura Alpina 37(2): 33-42. (url not available) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus crocedominensis.

Ménétriès E. 1859. Lépidoptères de la Sibérie orientale et en particulier des rives de l’Amour. In: Schrenck, Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande in den Jahren. Band II, Erste Lieferung, Lepidopteren. pp. 1-74, pl. 1-5. (url) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus uralensis.

Praviel G. 1936. Remarques sur Parnassius phoebus Fabricius [Lep. Papilionidae] et description d’une nouvelle sous-espèce. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 41(16): 265-269. (url) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus gazeli.

Stichel H. 1906. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lepidopteren-Gattung Parnassius Latr. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 51: 81-94, fig. (url) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus sacerdos.

Turati E. 1932. Il Parco Nazionale Del Gran Paradiso. Vol. 3. (url not available) New taxon: Parnassius phoebus paradisiacus.

Reference publications
Dupont P., Luquet G. C., Demerges D. & Drouet E. 2013. Révision systématique, taxinomique et nomenclaturale des Rhopalocera et des Zygaenidae de France métropolitaine. Conséquences sur l‘acquisition et la gestion des données d’inventaire. Rapport MMNHN-SPN 2013 - 19. pp. 1-201. (url)

Hanus J. & Theye M. L. 2010. Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793), a misidentified species (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo N.F. 31(1/2): 71-84. (url)

Hanus J. & Theye M. L. 2011. Supplements to «Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793), a misidentified species» (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo N.F. 32(1/2): 25-27. (url)

Hanus J. & Theye M. L. 2013. Les premiers Parnassius : histoire de leur découverte, de leur description et de l’erreur d’identification de Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793) (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Alexanor 25(6): 323-354.

ICZN. 2019. Case 3767: (Lukhtanov V. A., Pelham J. P., Cotton A. M. & Calhoun J. V.) Papilio phoebus Fabricius, 1793 (currently Parnassius phoebus; Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation of prevailing usage of the specific name and that of Doritis ariadne Lederer, 1853 (currently Parnassius ariadne) by the designation of a neotype. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 76(1): 14-22. (url) 2020. Comment 3767-1: (Korb, S. K.) Opposition to the conservation of prevailing usage of the specific name Papilio phoebus Fabricius, 1793 and that of Doritis ariadne Lederer, 1853 (currently Parnassius ariadne) by the designation of a neotype. 2021. Comment 3767-2: (Vane-Wright, R. I.) Support for the conservation of prevailing usage of the specific name Papilio phoebus … 2021. Comment 3767-3: (Bálint, Z.) More support for the conservation of prevailing usage of the specific name Papilio phoebus … 2021. Comment 3767-4: (Kosterin, O. E.) Support for the proposed conservation of the specific name Papilio phoebus … 2021. Comment 3767-5: (Wiemers, M.) Support for the conservation of prevailing usage of the specific name Papilio phoebus …

ICZN. 2023. Opinion 2488 (Case 3767). Papilio phoebus Fabricius, 1793 (currently Parnassius phoebus; Insecta, Lepidoptera): usage conserved for the specific name and that of Doritis ariadne Lederer, 1853 (currently Parnassius ariadne) by the designation of a neotype. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 80(1): 71-73. (url)

Archives of Western Palearctic Lepidoptera
Editors-in-Chief: Michel Taymans & Sylvain Cuvelier