A systematic and synonymic list of the Lycaenidae (part 2) of Western Palearctic butterflies hyperlinked to the original descriptions (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Submitted: 12.ix.2026 | Accepted: 15.ix.2026 | Published online: 30.ix.2026.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22302023

Michel Taymans¹ | Sylvain Cuvelier²
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¹ Clos du Moulin Royal 2 bte 02, B-6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium. michel.taymans@hotmail.com
² Diamantstraat 4, B-8900 Ieper, Belgium. sylvain.cuvelier@telenet.be

Abstract
A systematic and synonymic list of the Lycaenidae (part II) butterflies of the Western Palearctic is presented, with all names hyperlinked to their original descriptions. The work covers taxonomic hierarchy from family to species level, incorporating historical synonyms, typification details, and bibliographic references, providing a comprehensive and navigable tool for lepidopterists and taxonomists.

Key words
Lepidoptera — Papilionoidea — Lycaenidae — Polyommatinae — Danini — Everini — Lampidini — Scolitantidini — Celastrinini — Zizeeriini — Western Palearctic — taxonomy — nomenclature — synonymy — systematic catalogue — type species — original descriptions — type locality — butterfly classification — historical entomology.

Introduction

The present paper deals with the classification of the West Palaearctic species of the subfamily Polyommatinae (Lycaenidae). This subfamily is subdivided into several subtribes, following an arrangement that differs from that adopted in most recent studies on lepidopteran phylogeny, which recognise only the subtribe Polyommatini for the West Palaearctic fauna. This approach has been adopted in order to provide a more coherent framework for the relationships among the various monophyletic groups.

Several nomenclatural issues, including those concerning Maculinea/Phengaris and Pseudophilotes/Palaeophilotes, had to be addressed and resolved. In dealing with these issues, particular emphasis was placed on nomenclatural and taxonomic stability, which was considered the primary criterion for the classification adopted here.

In most cases, the external morphology (habitus) allows the reliable identification of the species included in these groups. However, examination of the genitalia remains necessary in some cases to distinguish closely related taxa, such as Cupido alcetas and Cupido decolorata, or among taxa belonging to the Pseudophilotes baton-complex.

Despite the considerable progress made in recent years, several taxonomic and systematic issues remain unresolved. Further phylogenetic studies will be necessary to clarify the specific or subspecific status of several taxa and to establish a more satisfactory generic classification. In particular, for some genera or species groups with a worldwide distribution that are treated in the present work, a reliable classification can only be established through a comprehensive study including all species of the group.

Family Lycaenidae [Leach], [1815]
[ORIG]	Lycaenida [Leach], [1815]. In: Brewster, Edinburgh Encycl. 9: 129..
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
[JH]	Lycaenides Herrich-Schäffer, [1843]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1(1): 16.
	TG:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807.
Subfamily Polyommatinae Swainson, 1827
[ORIG]	Polyommatidae Swainson, 1827. Phil. Mag., n.s. 1(3): 187.
	TG:	Polyommatus Latreille, 1804.
Tribe Danini Koçak & Seven, 1997
[ORIG]	Danina Koçak & Seven, 1997. Priamus 9(2/3): 91.
	TS:	Danis Fabricius, 1807.
[JS]	Petrelaea section Eliot, 1974. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28: 444.
	TS:	Petrelaea Toxopeus, 1929.
[JS]	Nacaduba section Eliot, 1974. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28: 444.
	TL:	Nacaduba Moore, 1881.
[JS]	Theclinesthes section Eliot, 1974. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28: 444.
	TL:	Theclinesthes Röber, 1891.
[JS]	Danis section Eliot, 1974. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28: 444-445.
	TL:	Danis Fabricius, 1807.
[JS]	Azanus section Eliot, 1974. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28: 448.
	TL:	Azanus Moore, [1881].
Subtribe Azanina Grishin, 2023
[ORIG]	Azanina Grishin, 2023. In: Zhang & al., 2023. Taxon Rep. Int. Lepid. Surv. 11(3): 44.
	TG:	Azanus Moore, [1881].
[JS]	Azanus section Eliot, 1974. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Entomol. 28: 448.
	TG:	Azanus Moore, [1881].
[ND]	Azanina Stradomsky, 2016. Caucasian Entomol. Bull. 12(1): 145-156.
	TG:	Azanus Moore, [1881] ; nomen nudum.
Genus Azanus Moore, [1881]
[ORIG]	Azanus Moore, [1881]. Lepid. Ceylon 1(2): 79-80.
	TS:	Papilio ubaldus Stoll, 1782 by original designation.
[JS]	Azanus (Azanisis) Kemal, 2004. Miscellaneous Papers, CESA 88-89: 11.
	TS:	Papilio isis Drury, 1773 by original designation.
Azanus ubaldus (Stoll, 1782)
[ORIG]	Papilio ubaldus Stoll, 1782. In: Cramer & Stoll, Uitl. Kap. 4: 209-210, 252, pl. 390, fig. L-M.
	TL:	Coromandel Coast (India).
[JS]	Lampides ethoda Walker F., 1870. Newman’s Entomologist 5: 53.
	TL:	Cairo (Egypt).
[JS]	Lycaena itea Walker F., 1870. Newman’s Entomologist 5: 55-56.
	TL:	Djebel Amour (Algeria).
[JS]	Lycaena thebana Staudinger, 1894. Dt. Entomol. Z. 7(2): 244.
	TL:	Cairo (Egypt).
Azanus jesous (Guérin-Méneville, 1849)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus jesous Guérin-Méneville, 1849. Voyage Abyss., Hist. Nat. Zool.: 383-384, pl. 11, fig. 3-4.
	TL:	Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
Tribe Everini Tutt, [1907]
[ORIG]	Everidi Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 327 ; 10: 41-43.
	TG:	Everes Hübner, [1819].
[JS]	Cupididi Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 327.
	TG:	Cupido Schrank, 1801.
[JS]	Everini Higgins, 1975. Classif. Eur. Butt.: 120.
	TG:	Everes Hübner, [1819].
[JS]	Everinae Lorković, 1931. Act. Soc. Entomol. Jugosl. 5-6(1/2): 125.
	TG:	Everes Hübner, [1819].
Genus Cupido Schrank, 1801
[ORIG]	Cupido Schrank, 1801. Fauna Boica 2(1): 153, 206-220.
	TS:	Papilio minimus Fuessly, 1775 by subsequent designation by Opinion 503 (ICZN, 1958: 123).
Subgenus Everes Hübner, [1819]
[ORIG]	Everes Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 69.
	TS:	Papilio amyntas Schiffermüller, 1775 (=P. argiades Pallas, 1771) by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1872. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. 4: 35.
[JS]	Ununcula Eecke, 1915. Zool. Meded. 1(1): 29-30.
	TS:	Papilio argiades Pallas, 1771by designation by Hemming, 1929. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10)3: 243.
Cupido argiades (Pallas, 1771)
[ORIG]	Papilio argiades Pallas, 1771. Reise verschied. Prov. russ. Reichs 1: 472.
	TL:	Volga region (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Papilio tiresias Rottemburg, 1775. Naturforscher 6: 23-24.
	TL:	Germany.
[JH]	Papilio amyntas [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 185.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria) ; nec Papilio amyntas Poda, 1761. Ins. Mus. Graec.: 79.
[JS]	Papilio polysperchon Bergsträsser, 1779. Nom. Ins. 2: 72, pl. 44, fig. 3-5.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Lycaena amyntas var. myrmidon Selys-Longchamps, 1844. Mém. Soc. R. Sci. Liège 2: 31-32.
	TL:	Namur (Belgique).
[JS]	Everes argiades f. modestus Lorković, 1943. Mitt. Münch. Entomol. Ges. 33(2): 442, pl. 24, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Lwów (Ukraine), Grudziądz (Poland).
Cupido alcetas (Hoffman[n]segg, 1804)
[ORIG]	Papilio alcetas Hoffman[n]segg, 1804. Mag. Insektenk. 3: 205.
	TL:	Germany ?
[JS]	Papilio coretas Ochsenheimer, [1808]. Schmett. Eur. 1(2): 60-61.
	TL:	Germany ; Italy.
[IF]	Everes alcetas alcetas gen.I. antealcetas Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 46(suppl.): 34.
	TL:	Martigny (Valais, Switzerland).
[IF]	Everes alcetas alcetas gen.II. dilutior Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 46(suppl.): 34.
	TL:	Florence (Italy).
[SN]	Everes alcetas race dilutior Verity, 1934. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 93.
	TL:	Florence (Italy) ; stat. nov. for Everes alcetas alcetas dilutior Verity, 1934.
[SN]	Everes alcetas ssp. antealcetas Beuret, 1955. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (NF)5(6): 104-105.
	TL:	Russin (Genève, Switzerland) ; stat. nov. for Everes alcetas alcetas antealcetas Verity, 1934.
[JS]	Everes alcetas ssp. irenae Dujardin, 1974. Entomops 5(35): 83, fig.
	TL:	Corte (Corsica, S France).
Cupido decolorata (Staudinger, 1886)
[ORIG]	Lycaena argiades ab./var. decolorata Staudinger, 1886. Entomol. Ztg. 47(4-6): 203-204.
	TL:	Vienna (Austria), Hungary and Bulgaria.
[JS]	Everes decolorata ssp. austriaca Beuret, 1955. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (NF)5(6): 101-102.
	TL:	Bisamberg, Dürnstein (Niederösterreich, Austria).
Subgenus Cupido Schrank, 1801
[ORIG]	Cupido Schrank, 1801. Fauna Boica 2(1): 153, 206-220.
	TS:	Papilio minimus Fuessly, 1775 by subsequent designation by Opinion 503 (ICZN, 1958: 123).
[JS]	Zizera Moore, 1881. Lepid. Ceylon 1: 78.
	TS:	Papilio alsus Schiffermüller, 1775 (=Papilio minimus Fuessly, 1775) by original designation.
[JS]	Lycaena (Tiora) Evans, 1912. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21(3): 984-985.
	TS:	Papilio sebrus Hübner, 1824 by designation of Hemming, 1929. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.(10)3: 242.
Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775)
[ORIG]	Papilio minimus Fuessly, 1775. Verz. bekannt. schweiz. Ins.: 31.
	TL:	Switzerland.
[JS]	Papilio alsus [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 184.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio philonome Bergsträsser, 1779. Nom. Ins.2: 72-73, pl. 44, fig. 6.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio pseudolus Bergsträsser, 1779. Nom. Ins.3: 5, pl. 50, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio minutus Esper, [1794]. Schmett. Abb. Nat.Suppl. 1(1): pl. 106, fig. 8, [1798]: 71-73.
	TL:	Turnau (= Turnov, Czech Republic).
[JS]	Cupido puer Schrank, 1801. Fauna Boica2(1): 215.
	TL:	Gern, Ingolstadt (Germany).
[JS]	Lycaena alsus var. alsoides Gerhard, [1851].Versuch Monogr. eur. Schmett.: 9, pl. 13, fig. 3a-c.
	TL:	Switzerland.
[JS]	Lycaena minima var. montana Favre, 1899. Faune Macrolépid. Valais: 23.
	TL:	Simplon (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Cupido minimus race trinacriae Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.31(3): 47.
	TL:	S. Martin delle Scale (Sicily, Italy).
[JS]	Cupido minima race noguerae Haig-Thomas, 1929. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.41(2): 45-46.
	TL:	Sierra Alta (Aragon, Spain).
[JS]	Cupido minimus ssp.albocilia Oorschot H., Brink & Oorschot B., 1984. Entomol. Ber. 44(9): 142-143.
	TL:	Ural Mountains (Russian Federation).
Cupido lorquinii (Herrich-Schäffer, [1850])
[ORIG]	Lycaena lorquinii Herrich-Schäffer, [1850]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur.1: pl. 92, fig. 442-444 ; 6(Nachtrag): 25 [1851].
	TL:	S Spain.
[JS]	Cupido minimus ssp.carswelli Stempffer, 1927. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 32(16): 244.
	TL:	Sierra de Espuña (Murcia prov., SE Spain).
[JS]	Cupido arcilacis Riley 1927. Entomologist 60(775): 244.
	TL:	Sierra de Espuña (Murcia prov., SE Spain).
[JS]	Cupido lorquinii ssp. martenensis Pascual Linares, 1985. SHILAP 13(50): 154.
	TL:	Montes de Martos (Jaén prov., SE Spain).
Cupido osiris (Meigen, [1829])
[ORIG]	Polyommatus osiris Meigen, [1829]. Syst. Beschr. eur. Schmett. 2: 7, pl. 46, fig. 3a-b.
	TL:	Austria ?
[JS]	Papilio sebrus Hübner, [1824].Samml. eur. Schmett.1: pl. 172, fig. 851-854.
	TL:	-.
[JS]	Polyommatus saportae Duponchel, 1832. Hist. nat. Lépid. suppl. 1: 59-60, pl. 9, fig. 5-7.
	TL:	Hyères (S France).
[JS]	Cupido minimus race moreana Tutt, 1909. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 10: 114.
	TL:	Morea (=Peloponnese peninsula, S Greece).
[JS]	Lycaena sebrus f. violacea Turati & Verity, 1911. Bull. Soc. Entomol. It.42: 277.
	TL:	Monte Gibbio (Modena prov., Italy).
[JS]	Cupido sebrus race angulosa Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.31(3): 47.
	TL:	Firenzuola (Sibillini Mts, Italy).
[JS]	Cupido sebrus race pseudolorquinii Verity, 1925. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.37(5): 76.
	TL:	Albarracin (Aragon, Spain).
[JS]	Cupido (Tiora) sebrus majuspunctata Verity, 1934. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.46(suppl.): 33-34.
	TL:	Ak-Chekir, Anatolia (Turkey).
[JS]	Cupido sebrus race bernardiana Beuret, 1957. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (NF)7: 8, pl. 1, fig. 1-6.
	TL:	Genève (W Switzerland).
Genus Tongeia Tutt, 1908
[ORIG]	Tongeia Tutt, 1908. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 10: 41, 43.
	TS:	Lycaena fischeri Eversmann, 1843 by original designation.
Tongeia fischeri (Eversmann, 1843)
[ORIG]	Lycaena fischeri Eversmann, 1843. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 1843(3): 537.
	TL:	Ural (Russian Federation).
Tribe Polyommatini Swainson, 1827
[ORIG]	Code: Polyommatidae Swainson, 1827. Phil. Mag., n.s. 1(3): 187.
	TG:	Polyommatus Latreille, 1804.
This Tribe will be studied in a future publication.
Tribe Lampidini Tutt, [1907]
[ORIG]	Lampididi Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: x, 329.
	TG:	Lampides Hübner, [1819].
[JS]	Leptotiti Wagener, 1995. In: Hesselbarth, van Oorschot & Wagener, Tagfalter Turkei 1: 152.
	TG:	Leptotes Scudder, 1876.
[JS]	Cacyreina Stradomsky, 2016. Caucas. Entomol. Bull. 12(1): 145, 151, 153.
	TG:	Cacyreus Butler, 1898.
Genus Leptotes Scudder, 1876
[ORIG]	Leptotes Scudder, 1876. Bull. Buff. Soc. nat. Sci. 3(17): 124. Fabricius, 1807. In: Illiger, Mag. Insektenk. 6: 286.
	TS:	Lycaena theonus Lucas, 1857 (=Leptotes cassius theonus (Lucas, 1857)) [Cuban fauna] by original designation.
[JS]	Syntarucoides Kaye, 1904.Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (4)1904(2): 190.
	TS:	Papilio cassius Cramer, 1775 by original designation.
Subgenus Syntarucus Butler, [1901]
[ORIG]	Syntarucus Butler, [1901]. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900(4): 929.
	TS:	Papilio telicanus Lang, 1789 (=Papilio pirithous Linnaeus, 1767) by monotypy.
[JH]	Langia Tutt, 1906.Nat. Hist. Brit. Butterflies 8: 314.
	TS:	Papilio telicanus Lang, 1789 (=Papilio pirithous Linnaeus, 1767) by original designation ; nec Moore, 1872.
[NN]	Raywardia Tutt, 1908.Nat. Hist. Brit. Butterflies 9(errata, Corrigenda, Addenda): 484.
		Replacement name for Langia Tutt, 1906.
Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767)
[ORIG]	Papilio pirithous Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 1(2): 790.
	TL:	Algeria.
[JH]	Papilio boeticus Esper, [1784].Schmett. Abb. Nat. 1(2): 181-182, pl. 91 (cont. 41), fig. 2.
	TL:	C Italy ; nec Linnaeus, 1767.
[JS]	Papilio telicanus Lang, 1789.Verz. Schmett. Gegend. Ausburg (ed. 2): 47-48.
	TL:	S France.
[JS]	Papilio barbarus Gmelin, [1790]. In: Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. 13) 1(5): 2352.
	TL:	Algeria.
[JS]	Lycaena hoffmannseggii Zeller, 1850.Entomol. Ztg. 11(9): 312-313.
	TL:	Portugal.
[JS]	Raywardia telicanus race tetrica Sagarra, 1925. Butl. Inst. Catal. Hist. Nat. 25(1): 45.
	TL:	Sant Pere de Vilamajor (Barcelona prov., NE Spain).
Subgenus Cyclyrius Butler, 1897
[ORIG]	Cyclyrius Butler, 1897. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1896(4): 830.
	TS:	Polyommatus webbianus Brullé, 1839by original designation.
Leptotes webbianus (Brullé, 1839)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus webbianus Brullé, 1839. Hist. Nat. Canaries 2(2)(entomol.): 93-94, pl. 4, fig. 1, 1a.
	TL:	Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
[JS]	Lycaena fortunata Staudinger, 1870. Berl. Entomol. Z.14(1/2): 99-100.
	TL:	Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
[JS]	Leptotes (Cyclyrius) webbianus palmae Mérit, Manil, Vila & Wiemers, 2017. SHILAP 45(179): 516, fig. 5.
	TL:	San Andrés y Los Sauces, Los Tilos (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain).
[JS]	Leptotes (Cyclyrius) webbianus grancanariensis Mérit, Manil, Vila & Wiemers, 2017. SHILAP 45(179): 516-517, fig. 1.
	TL:	Cruz de Tejeda (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain).
Genus Lampides Hübner, [1819]
[ORIG]	Lampides Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 70.
	TS:	Papilio boeticus Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation by Grote, 1873. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. 1: 179.
[JS]	Cosmolyce Toxopeus, 1927. Tijdschr. Entomol. 70(3/4): 268 (nota).
	TS:	Papilio boeticus Linnaeus, 1767 by monotypy.
[JS]	Lampidella Hemming, 1933. Entomologist 66(845): 224.
	TS:	Papilio boeticus Linnaeus, 1767 by original designation.
Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767)
[ORIG]	Papilio boeticus Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 1(2): 789.
	TL:	Algeria.
[JS]	Papilio coluteae Fuessly, 1775. Verz. bekannt. schweiz. Ins.: 31, pl. [1], fig. 2-'2.
	TL:	Valais (Switzerland).
[JS]	Papilio echion Fuessly, 1775. Verz. bekannt. schweiz. Ins.: 31.
	TL:	Basel (Switzerland).
[JS]	Papilio pisorum Geoffroy, 1785. Entomol. Paris.2: 242.
	TL:	Paris (France).
[JS]	Thecla baetica Meigen, [1829]. Syst. Beschr. eur. Schmett. 2: 48-49.
	TL:	Portugal ; Spain ; Italy.
[JS]	Lycaena boetica var. armeniensis Gerhard, 1882. Berl. Entomol. Z. 26(1): 125-126.
	TL:	Krasnowodsk (=Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan).
[JS]	Lampides boeticus ssp. anamariae Gómez Bustillo, 1973. SHILAP1(1-2): 30-31, pl. [1], fig. 4.
	TL:	Campo Real (Madrid prov., C Spain).
Genus Cacyreus Butler, 1898
[ORIG]	Cacyreus Butler, 1898. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897(4): 845.
	TS:	Papilio lingeus Stoll, 1782 [Afrotropical fauna] by original designation.
[JH]	Hyreus Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 70.
	TS:	Papilio lingeus Stoll, 1782 [Afrotropical fauna] by subsequent designation Butler, 1898: 845 ; nec Stephens, 1816.
Cacyreus marshalli  Butler, 1898
[ORIG]	Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897(4): 845-846, pl. 50, fig. 5.
	TL:	Estcour (KwaZulu-Natal prov., South Africa).
Tribe Scolitantidini Tutt, [1907]
[ORIG]	Scolitantidi Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: 327.
	TG:	Scolitantides Hübner, [1819].
[JS]	Glaucopsychidi Hemming, 1931. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 79(2): 324.
	TG:	Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872.
[JS]	Iolanidi Verity, 1943. Farfalle dirne Italia 2: 107.
	TG:	Iolana Bethune-Baker, 1914.
Genus Maculinea Eecke, 1915
[ORIG]	Maculinea Eecke, 1915. Zool. Meded. 1(1): 28-29.
	TS:	Papilio alcon [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 by original subsequent designation by Graves, 1929. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 40(7/8): 102.
[JH]	Argus Boisduval, 1832. In: Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune entomol. Pacif.) 1: unnumbered.
	TS:	Papilio alcon [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 by original subsequent designation by Hemming, 1933. Entomologist 66(845): 224. nec Argus Bohadsch, 1761 ; rejected name by Opinion 429 (ICZN, 1956. Opin. Declar. Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. 14(13): 323-338)
Maculinea alcon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
[ORIG]	Papilio alcon [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ankündung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend: 182.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JH]	Papilio arcas Esper, [1777]. Schmett. Abb. Nat.1(1): pl. 34, fig. 4-5 ; [1779] 338-339.
	TL:	Germany ; nec Drury, [1773]: 38, index, pl. 19, fig. 5-6.
[JS]	Papilio mamers Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins.3: 16, pl. 59, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Lycaena alcon var. monticola Staudinger, 1901. In: Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. pal. Fauneng. : 90.
	TL:	Caucasus (Georgia).
[JS]	Lycaena alcon var. rebeli Hirschke, 1905. Jahresb. Wien. Entomol. Ver. 15: 110-111, pl. 2, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Styria (SE Austria).
[JS]	Lycaena alcon var.sordidula Jachontov, 1909. Rev. russ. entomol. 8(3-4): 292.
	TL:	‘Zheleznovodsk‘ (=Stavropol Krai, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Lycaena alcon ssp. haurii Fruhstorfer, 1917. Soc. entomol. 32(6): 26.
	TL:	Filisur (Graubünden, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena alcon ssp. tolistus Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. Entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 24.
	TL:	Korićna (Bosnia and Herzegovina).
[JS]	Lycaena alcon f. italica Turati, 1919. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 58: 168.
	TL:	Malnate (Como prov., Lombardy, N Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena euphemus race peninsulae Verity, 1923. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 35(suppl.): 7.
	TL:	Sibillini Mts. (C Italy).
[NN]	Lycaena alcon turatiana Verity, 1923. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 35(suppl.): 7.
		Replacement name for Lycaena alcon italica Turati, 1919.
[JS]	Lycaena alcon ssp. nestae Higgins, 1930. Entomologist 63(804): 100.
	TL:	Piedmont (N Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena alcon ssp. sevastos Rebel & Zerny, [1932]. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 103: 82, pl. 1, fig. 11-12.
	TL:	‘Shkala a Bicaj, Beshtriq’ (Kukës prov., Albania).
[JS]	Maculinea rebeli xerophila Berger, 1946. Lambillionea 46(6-10): 106.
	TL:	S Belgium.
[JS]	Maculinea alcon race hospitali Vilarrubia, 1948. Trab. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Barc. (N.S. Zool.) 1(2): 6-8.
	TL:	Sierra de Demanda (Soria prov.(?), N Spain).
[JS]	Maculinea alcon ssp. macroconia Beuret, 1949. Bull. Soc. entomol Mulhouse 5: 34.
	TL:	Narwie (Appenzell, Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinea alcon ssp. pseudoroboris Beuret, 1949. Bull. Soc. entomol Mulhouse 5: 41.
	TL:	Ascona (Tessin, Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinea rebeli ssp. alpicola Beuret, 1949. Bull. Soc. entomol Mulhouse 5: 41.
	TL:	Zermatt (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinea rebeli ssp. magnalpicola Beuret, 1949. Bull. Soc. entomol Mulhouse 5: 42.
	TL:	Altanca, Fussio (Tessin, Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinea rebeli ssp. gadmensis Beuret, 1949. Bull. Soc. entomol Mulhouse 5: 43.
	TL:	Gadmen (Bern, Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinea rebeli ssp. cruciata Beuret, 1949. Bull. Soc. entomol Mulhouse 5: 50.
	TL:	Südflanke des Blauen (Jura, Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinea alcon ssp.taranis Cleu, 1950. Rev. fr. Lépid. 12(15-16): 257-260.
	TL:	Cévennes (S France).
[JS]	Maculinea alcon ssp.aigoualensis Bernardi & Gaillard, 1951. Rev. fr. Lépid. 13(7-8): 113-114.
	TL:	Mont Aigoual (Gard dep., S France).
[JS]	Maculinea alcon ssp.curiosa Szabó, 1956. Folia entomol. hung. (NS)9: 264, 339.
	TL:	Mts. Bükk (Hungary).
[JS]	Maculinea alcon ssp. limitanea Bálint, 1985. Galathea 1(3): 62-71, fig.
	TL:	Persányi-hegység, Vargyasi-szoros (=Vârghiș, Covasna prov., Romania).
Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio arion Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 483.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio telegone Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins.3: 8, pl. 52, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio arctophoni Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins.3: 16, pl. 59, fig. 3-4.
	TL:	Germany.
[JH]	Polyommatus alcon Godart, 1822. Hist. Nat. Lépid. Fr. 2: 205-207, pl. 26, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Lyon area (C France) ; nec [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775: 182.
[NN]	Lycaena alcon var. alconoides Keferstein, 1851. Entomol. Ztg. 12(10): 307.
		Nom. nov. for Polyommatus alcon Godart, 1822.
[JS]	Lycaena arthurus Melvill, 1873. Entomol. mon. Mag. 9: 263.
	TL:	Chamounix ? (Switzerland ?).
[JS]	Lycaena arthurus Melvill, 1873. Entomol. mon. Mag. 9: 263.
	TL:	Chamounix ? (Switzerland ?).
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. obscura Christ, 1878. Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel 6(3) : 374.
	TL:	Zermatt (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. alpina Rätzer, 1881. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 6(4): 172, 192.
	TL:	Simplon (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. alconides Aurivillius, 1888. Nordens Fjärilar. Handbok : 15.
	TL:	Scandinavia.
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. ruehli Kroulikovsky, 1892. Soc. Entomol. 7(1): 1.
	TL:	Urals (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. uralensis Elwes, 1899. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1899(3): 329.
	TL:	Urals (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. ligurica Wagner, 1904. Soc. Entomol. 19(1): 1.
	TL:	Bordighera, San Remo (Liguria, NW Italy).
[IFS]	Lycaena arion ab. punctifera Grund, 1908. Int. Entomol. Z. 2(14): 87-88.
	TL:	Agram (= Zagreb, Croatia)
[JS]	Lycaena arion race (ab.) ofenia Tutt, 1909. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 21(9): 198.
	TL:	Zernetz, Sus, Lavin (Grisons, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. laranda Fruhstorfer, 1910. Int. Entomol. Z. 4(10): 55.
	TL:	Klausen, Atzwang (Südtirol, N Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. arcina Fruhstorfer, 1910. Int. Entomol. Z. 4(10): 55.
	TL:	Arcine, Chancy, Eclepens, Veyrier (Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. delphinatus Fruhstorfer, 1910. Entomol. Z. 24(26): 144.
	TL:	Dauphiné (SE France).
[JS]	Lycaena arion var. caucasica Jachontov, 1914. Rev. Russe Entomol. 14(2/3) : 301.
	TL:	Caucase (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. eutyphron Fruhstorfer, 1915. Soc. entomol. 30(12): 67.
	TL:	Cornwall (England, UK).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. aglaophon Fruhstorfer, 1915. Soc. entomol. 30(12): 68.
	TL:	Pyrenees (S France, N Spain).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. tainaron Fruhstorfer, 1915. Soc. entomol. 30(12): 68.
	TL:	Val Entremonts (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. taras Fruhstorfer, 1915. Soc. entomol. 30(12): 68.
	TL:	Valle dell Petralla, Monti Aurunci (C Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena arion vernetensis Oberthür, 1916. Étud. Lépid. Comp. 12(1): 486.
	TL:	Vernet-les-Bains (Pyrénées orientales dep., S France).
[JS]	Lycaena arion major Oberthür, 1916. Étud. Lépid. Comp. 12(1): 486.
	TL:	Altzwang (Trentino-Alto Adige, NE Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. vesubia  Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 26-27.
	TL:	Saint-Martin-Vésubie (Alpes-Maritimes dep., SE France).
[JS]	Lycaena arion ssp. antesion Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 27-28.
	TL:	Korićna, Maklenpass (Bosnia and Herzegovina).
[SN]	Lycaena arion race punctifera Verity, 1924. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 36(7/8): 108-109.
		Stat. nov. for Lycaena arion ab. punctifera Grund, 1908.
[JS]	Lycaena arion race australpina Verity, 1924. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 36(7/8): 108-109.
	TL:	Sibillini Mts. (C Italy).
[JS]	?? Lycaena arion lutschniki Krulikovsky, 1926. Trav. Mus. Zool. Kieff 1: 29.
	TL:	?.
[JS]	Lycaena arion race sabinorum Dannehl, 1933. Entomol. Z. 46(23): 246.
	TL:	Monti Sabini (Lazio, C Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena arion race zara Jachontov, 1935. Diurn. Butt.: 153.
	TL:	Pyatigorsk (Stavropol Krai, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche arion ssp. sergeji Obraztsov, 1936. Z. Öst. Entomol. Ver. 21: 47.
	TL:	Varvarovka (Mykolaiv obl., Ukraine).
[JS]	Maculinae arion race microchroa Verity, 1948. Var. géogr. Saison. Pap. Diurn. Fr.: 106.
	TL:	Lardy, Angoulême (France).
[JS]	Maculinae arion race pyrenaeafuscans Verity, 1948. Var. géogr. Saison. Pap. Diurn. Fr.: 106.
	TL:	Pyrénées (S France).
[JS]	Maculinae arion ssp. gelriae Lempke, 1956. Tijdschr. Entomol. 98(4): 284-285, pl. 1-2, fig. 5-8.
	TL:	Slangenburg (Gelderland, Netherlands).
[JS]	Maculinae arion microarion Beuret, 1964. Lyc. Schweiz 2: 250.
	TL:	? (Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinae arion subtusbrunea Beuret, 1964. Lyc. Schweiz 2: 257.
	TL:	? (Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinae arion ssp. buholzeri Rezbanyai, 1978. Mitt. schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 51(4): 399-401, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Lützelau bei Weggis (Luzern, Switzerland).
[SN]	Maculinae arion ssp. alconoides Keferstein, 1851. In: Leraut, 1997. Liste Syst. Syn. Lépid. Fr. Belg. Corse: 184.
		Sat. nov. for Lycaena alcon alconoides Keferstein, 1851.
Maculinea teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779)
[ORIG]	Papilio teleius Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 2: 71, pl. 43, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Germany.
[JH]	Papilio diomedes Rottemburg, 1775. Naturforscher 6: 26-27.
		nec Linnaeus, 1758: 462.
[JS]	Papilio telegonus Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 2: 72, pl. 44, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio arctophylax Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 3: 6, pl. 51, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio arctophonus Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 3: 10, pl. 53, fig. 7-8.
	TL:	Germany.
[JH]	Papilio argiades Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insect. 2: 76.
		nec Pallas, 1771: 472.
[JS]	Papilio euphemus Hübner, [1800].Samml. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 54, fig. 257-259, [1806]: 44.
	TL:	Saxony (Germany).
[JS]	Lycaena euphemus ssp. bajuvaricus  Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 25-26.
	TL:	Kochelsee (Upper Bavaria, S Germany).
[JS]	Lycaena euphemus ssp. thersandrus  Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 26.
	TL:	N Germany.
[JS]	Lycaena euphemus burdigalensis  Stempffer, 1932. Amateur Pap. 6(7): 107-108.
	TL:	Saint-Médard d’Eyrans (Gironde dep., SW France).
[JS]	Maculinea teleius race macromelanicaVerity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 147, pl. 8, fig. 63-65.
	TL:	Torre Pellice (Torino prov., N Italy).
[JS]	Maculinea teleius ssp. discoobsoleta Beuret, 1958. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel 8(1): 4-5, fig.
	TL:	Berlin-Spandau, Schwanenkrug, Nieder Neudorfer Kanal (Germany).
Maculinea nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779)
[ORIG]	Papilio nausithous Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 2: 70, pl. 43, fig. 1.
	TL:	Germany.
[JH]	Papilio arcas Rottemburg, 1775. Naturforscher 6: 25-26.
		nec Drury, [1773]: 38, index, pl. 19, fig. 5-6.
[JS]	Papilio nausithoe Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 2: 71, pl. 43, fig. 2-3.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio erebus Knoch, 1782. Beitr.Insektengesch.2: 93-94, pl. 6, fig. 6-7.
	TL:	Leipzig (Germany).
[JS]	Maculinea arcas ssp. ajenjoi Vilarrubia, 1948. Trab. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Barc. (NS Zool.) 1(2): 8-10.
	TL:	Sierra de Demanda (Soria prov., N Spain).
[JS]	Maculinae nausithous maculata Beuret, 1964. Lyc. Schweiz 2: 237.
	TL:	? (Switzerland).
[JS]	Maculinae nausithous argoviensis Beuret, 1964. Lyc. Schweiz 2: 238.
	TL:	? (Switzerland).
Genus Turanana Bethune-Baker, 1916
[ORIG]	Turanana Bethune-Baker, 1916. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Zool. Bot. Geol. (8)17(101): 379.
		Replacement name forTurania Bethune-Baker, 1914 ; TS: Lycaena cytis Christoph, 1877 by Code ICZN Art. 67.8.
[JH]	Turania Bethune-Baker, 1914. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 26(7/8): 160.
	TS:	Lycaena cytis Christoph, 1877 by original designation ; nec Ragonot, 1891.
[JH]	Turanana (Otaria) Zhdanko, 1984. Trudy zoo!. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 122: 104.
	TS:	Turanana tatjana Zhdanko, 1984 by original designation ; nec Gray, 1859.
[JS]	Turanana (Otnjukovia) Zhdanko, 1997. Zoosyst. Rossica 5(2): 312.
		Replacement name for Otaria Zhdanko, 1984 ; TS: Turanana tatjana Zhdanko, 1984 by Code ICZN Art. 67.8.
Turanana taygetica (Rebel, 1902)
[ORIG]	Lycaena panagaea var. taygetica Rebel, 1902. Berl. entomol. Z. 47(1/2): 90-91.
	TL:	Mount Taygetos (Peloponnese, S Greece).
[JS]	Turanana taygetica endymionoides Coutsis, 2005. Nota lepid. 27(4): 269-272, fig. 111-118.
	TL:	Mount Helmós (Peloponnese, S Greece).
Turanana mystica Morgun & Tikhonov, 2010
[ORIG]	Turanana mystica Morgun & Tikhonov, 2010. Atalanta 41(3/4): 331-334, pl. 6, fig. 1-12.
	TL:	Andiyskoe Koysu river (Dagestan, Russian Federation).
Genus Pseudophilotes Beuret, 1958
[ORIG]	Pseudophilotes Beuret, 1958. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel NF 8(6): 100.
	TS:	Papilio baton Bergstrasser, 1779.
Subgenus Pseudophilotes Beuret, 1958
[ORIG]	Pseudophilotes Beuret, 1958. Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel NF 8(6): 100.
	TS:	Papilio baton Bergstrasser, 1779 by original designation.
[ND]	Palaeophilotes Forster, 1938. Mitt. Münch. Entomol. Ges. 28(2): 105.
	TS:	Lycaena triphysina Staudinger, [1892]) by original designation ; Invalid name without definition or description (Art. 13 ICZN Code).
[JS]	Inderskia Korshunov, 2000. Butt. Ural Siberia Far East: 169.
	TS:	Lycaena panope Eversmann, 1851 by original designation.
[NN]	Pseudophilotes (Borisinia) Korb, 2013. Eversmannia 34: 36.
		Replacement name for Palaeophilotes Forster, 1938.
Pseudophilotes barbagiae De Prins & Poorten, 1982
[ORIG]	Pseudophilotes barbagiae De Prins & Poorten, 1982. Phegea 10(2): 68-71, fig. 3-5.
	TL:	Nuoro prov. (Sardinia, Italy).
Pseudophilotes abencerragus (Pierret, 1837)
[ORIG]	Argus abencerragus Pierret, 1837. Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. 6: 21-22, pl. 1, fig. 7.
	TL:	Oran (Algeria).
[JS]	Lycaena abencerragus f. famelica Seitz, [1908]. Grossschmett. Erde (1)1: 305, pl. 79e, fig. [1]-[2].
	TL:	S Atlas Mountains [Algeria ; Morocco ?).
[JH]	Scolitantides abencerragus race cavazzae Romei, 1927. Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. Agrar. Portici 20: 277.
	TL:	Tripolitania, Sidi Mesri (Libya).
[JS]	Lycaena baton f. coloniarum Turati, 1927. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 66(3-4): 318-319, fig. 3.
	TL:	Libya.
[JS]	Turania amelia Hemming, 1927. Entomologist 60(775): 277.
	TL:	: Alentejo (Portugal).
[JS]	Pseudophilotes abencerragus ssp. mattonica Gómez-Bustillo, 1982. SHILAP 10(38): 97-98.
	TL:	Aranjuez ‘El Regajal’, Loeches (Madrid prov., C Spain).
[JS]	Pseudophilotes abencerragus ssp. charlottae Weiss, 2000. Linneana Belgica 17(6): 234, pl. 2B, fig. 10-11.
	TL:	El Kadous, Sidi Yahia (Algeria).
Pseudophilotes panoptes (Hübner, [1813])
[ORIG]	Papilio panoptes Hübner, [1813]. Samml. eur. Schmett. 1: pl. 132, fig. 670-673, [1824]: 6.
	TL:	Spain.
[JS]	Lycaena baton f. andalusica Ribbe, [1910]. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 23(2): 188.
	TL:	Andalusia (S Spain).
[JS]	Scolitantides baton race albonotata Sagarra, 1926. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat.(2)6(6-7): 138.
	TL:	Barcelona, Llinàs (Catalonia, NE Spain).
[JS]	Turania hylas race madriti Verity, 1928. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1928(8): 143.
	TL:	El Escorial (Madrid prov., C Spain).
Pseudophilotes baton (Bergsträsser, 1779)
[ORIG]	Papilio baton Bergsträsser, 1779. Nomencl. Ins. 3: 18-19, pl. 60, fig. 6-8.
	TL:	Hanau area (Hesse, Germany).
[JS]	Papilio hylas [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 185.
	TL:	Vienna (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio amphion Esper, [1780]. Schmett. Abb. Nat.1(2): 18-19, pl. 53, fig. 1.
	TL:	Erlangen, Neustadt (Germany).
[JS]	Turania hylas race praepanoptes Verity, 1928. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 1928(8): 143.
	TL:	Las Ambollas (Pyrénées-Orientales dep.., S France).
[JS]	Lycaena baton oicles Dannehl, 1925. Entomol. Z. 39(18): 72.
	TL:	Mendel, Mezzolombardo, Terlan (South Tyrol, NE Italy).
[JS]	Turanana baton race occidentalis Hemming, 1929. Entomologist 62(789): 29, pl. 1, fig. 10, pl. 2, fig. 32.
	TL:	Porto (Portugal) ; Tanger (Morocco) [?? doubtful].
[JS]	Philotes baton fuscomarginata Beuret, 1964. Lyc. Schweiz 2: 184.
	TL:	? (Switzerland).
[ND]	Pseudophilotes baton ‘’peuplement’ praebaton Mazel, 2007. R.A.R.E. 16(2): 38-47, fig.
	TL:	N Spain ; Invalid name because it is defined by the author as a settlement.
Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1865)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus vicrama Moore, 1865. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865: 505, pl. 31, fig. 6.
	TL:	N India.
[JS]	Lycaena baton var. clara Christoph, 1887. Mém. Lépid. 3: 51.
	TL:	Arçman (Turkmenistan).
[JS]	Turanana vicrama ssp. schiffermuelleri Hemming, 1929. Entomologist 62: 61-62.
	TL:	Lower Austria (E Austria).
[NN]	Philotes baton astabene Hemming, 1932. Entomologist 65: 181.
		Replacement name for Lycaena baton clara Staudinger, 1901, nec Lycaena clara Edwards, 1870.
Subgenus Rubrapterus Korshunov, 1987
[ORIG]	Rubrapterus Korshunov, 1987. Nov. maloizv. Vidy Fauny Sib. (19): 9.
	TS:	Lycaena bavius Eversmann, 1832 by original designation.
Pseudophilotes bavius (Eversmann, 1832)
[ORIG]	Lycaena bavius Eversmann, 1832. Nouv. Mém. Soc. imp. nat. Moscou 2: [349]-350, pl. 19, fig. 3-4.
	TL:	Bashkortostan (Volga Fed. distr., Russian Federation).
[JS]	Lycaena bavius var. hungarica Diószeghy, 1913. Rovart. Lapok 20(7-8): 108-109.
	TL:	Vița (Transylvania, Romania).
[JS]	Scolitantides bavius casimiri Hemming, 1932. Entomologist 65: 180.
	TL:	Kalavryta (Peloponnese, S Greece).
[JS]	Philotes bavius ssp. macedonica Schulte, 1958. Biol. Glasnik 2: 73.
	TL	Treska Valley (North Macedonia).
Pseudophilotes fatma (Oberthür, 1890)
[ORIG]	Lycaena bavius var. fatma Oberthür, 1890. Étud. Entomol. 13: 19, pl. 7, fig. 50-51.
	TL:	Tazoult (NE Algeria).
Genus Scolitantides Hübner, [1819]
[ORIG]	Scolitantides Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 68.
	TS:	Papilio battus [D. & Schiff.], 1775 (=orion Pallas, 1771) by subsequent designation by Hemming, 1934. Gen. Names Hol. Butt. 1: 110.
Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771)
[ORIG]	Papilio orion Pallas, 1771. Reise verschied. Prov. russ. Reichs 1: 471-472.
	TL:	Samara distr. (Russian Federation).
[JS]	Papilio battus [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 185.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio telephii Esper, [1778]. Schmett. Abb. Nat.1(1): 363-365 [1779], pl. 41, fig. 2 [1778].
	TL:	Bois de Boulogne (France).
[JS]	Papilio sedi Fabricius, 1781. Spec. Ins.2: 121.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Polyommatus hecateus Drapiez, 1819. Ann. gén. Sci. Phys. 2: 355-356, pl. 30, fig. 5.
	TL:	Hungary.
[JS]	Lycaena orion var. nigra Gerhard, 1882. Berl. Entomol. Z.26(1): 126.
	TL:	Budapest (Hungary).
[JS]	Lycaena orion ssp. metioche Fruhstorfer, 1910. Int. Entomol. Z.4(12): 63.
	TL:	Valais (Switzerland) ; Südtirol (NE Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena orion ssp. lariana Fruhstorfer, 1910. Int. Entomol. Z.4(12): 63.
	TL:	Monte Bisbino (Lomberdy, N Italy) ; La Turbie (Alpes-Maritimes dep., SE France).
[JS]	Scolitantides orion (?) multiconfluens Metschl & Sälzl, 1923. Ber. Naturwiss. Ver. Regensburg 16: 1-101 (?).
	TL:	Regensburg (Bavaria, Germany).
[JS]	Scolitantides orion race parvula Sagarra, 1925. Butll. Inst. catal. Hist. nat. (2)5(9): 272.
	TL:	Espluga de Francoli (Tarragona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Scolitantides orion race ultraornata Verity, 1937. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 49: 71-73.
	TL:	Sortavala (Rep. Karelia, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Scolitantides orion ssp. sumptuosa Beuret, 1938. Lambillionea 38: 47-49.
	TL:	Sortavala (Rep. Karelia, Russian Federation).
[JS]	Scolitantides orion race micrometioche Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 112-113, pl. 7, fig. 86.
	TL:	Collefratto, Bolzano (NE Italy).
[JS]	Scolitantides orion ssp. rosarioi Motta & Lozares, 1976. SHILAP 4(13): 63-65, fig.
	TL:	San Martín de Dón (Burgos prov., N Spain).
Genus Iolana Bethune-Baker, 1914
[ORIG]	Iolana Bethune-Baker, 1914. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 26(7/8): 162.
	TS:	Lycaena iolas Ochsenheimer, 1816 by original designation.
Iolana iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816)
[ORIG]	Lycaena iolas Ochsenheimer, 1816. Schmett. Eur. 4: 144-145.
	TL:	Hungary.
[JH]	Papilio cyllarus Herbst, 1804. Natursyst. Insekt. Schmett.11: 172-174, pl. 309, fig. 7-9.
	TL:	Germany ; nec Rottemburg, 1775: 20-21.
[JS]	Lycaena iolas wullschlegeli Oberthür, 1915. Ét. Lépid. Comp. 10: 392, 427, pl. 288, fig. 2341.
	TL:	Folleterre, Martigny (Valais, Switzerland).
[JS]	Lycaena jolas ssp. eurysthenes Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 31.
	TL:	Folleterre, Martigny (Valais, Switzerland), Südtirol (NE Italy).
[JS]	Lycaena jolas ssp. protogenes Fruhstorfer, 1917. Dt. entomol. Z. Iris 31(1/2): 31.
	TL:	Digne-les-Bains (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, SE France).
[JS]	Iolana iolas ssp. bureschi Hemming, 1931. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 79(2): 327-328.
	TL:	Slivno (SW Bulgaria).
[JS]	Iolana iolas magnaiolas Beuret, 1964. Lyc. Schweiz 2: 187, 192.
	TL:	? (Switzerland).
[JS]	Iolana iolas ssp. obscuriolas Betti, 1977. Alexanor 10(2): 89, pl. 1, fig. 3-4, pl. 3, fig. 3-4.
	TL:	Pécs (S Hungary).
Iolana debilitata (Schultz, 1905)
[ORIG]	Lycaena jolas var. debilitata Schultz, 1905. Entomol. Z. 19(4): 18.
	TL:	Algeria.
[JS]	Lycaena iolas var. powelli Oberthür, 1911. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1911(13): 268.
	TL:	Géryville (=El Bayadh, Algeria).
[JS]	Jolana iolas race farriolsi Sagarra, 1930. Butll. Inst. catal. Hist. nat. (2)10(7): 118.
	TL:	Rierada, Vallvidrera (Barcelona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Iolana iolas ssp. thomasi Hemming, 1931. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 79(2): 326.
	TL:	Albarracin (Teuel prov., Spain), Cuenca (Cuenca prov., Spain).
[JS]	Iolana iolas vareai Agenjo, [1970]. Graellsia 25: 169, pl. 8, fig. 7.
	TL:	Campo Real (Madrid prov., C Spain).
[JS]	Maculinea iolas saritae Fernandez Rubio & Gomez Bustillo, 1973. Cuadernos Cienc. biol. 2(2): 78.
	TL:	Sierra Elvira (Granada pov., S Spain).
[JS]	Maculinea iolas fidelis Fernandez Rubio & Gomez Bustillo, 1973. Cuadernos Cienc. biol. 2(2): 79.
	TL:	Loeches (Madrid prov., C Spain).
Genus Praephilotes Forster, 1938
[ORIG]	Praephilotes Forster, 1938. Mitt. Münch. Entomol. Ges. 28(2): 105-106.
	TS:	Lycaena anthracias Christoph, 1877 by original designation.
Praephilotes anthracias (Christoph, 1877)
[ORIG]	Lycaena anthracias Christoph, 1877. Horae Soc. entomol. Ross. 12(3): 239-240, pl. 5, fig. 12.
	TL:	Türkmenbaşy (Balkan reg., Turkmenistan).
Genus Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872
[ORIG]	Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872. Report Peabody Acad. Sci.1872: 33-34.
	TS:	Polyommatus lygdamus Doubleday, 1841 by original designation.
Subgenus Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872
[ORIG]	Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872. Report Peabody Acad. Sci.1872: 33-34.
	TS:	Polyommatus lygdamus Doubleday, 1841by original designation.
[JS]	Bajluana Korshunov & Ivonin, 1990. Nov. Maloizv. Vid. Faun. Sib. 22: 69.
	TS:	Lycaena argali Elwes, 1899 by original designation.
Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761)
[ORIG]	Papilio alexis Poda, 1761. Ins. Mus. Graec.: 77.
	TL:	Graz area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio cyllarus Rottemburg, 1775. Naturforscher 6: 20-21.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio damaetas [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775. Ank. syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienerg.: 183.
	TL:	Vienna area (Austria).
[JS]	Papilio dimus Bergsträsser, 1779. Nom. Ins.2: 71, pl. 43, fig. 7-8.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio bronte Bergsträsser, 1779. Icones Papilion. Diurnor.: 4, pl. 4, fig. 7-8.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio phobos Bergsträsser, 1779. Icones Papilion. Diurnor.: 7, pl. 8, fig. 7-8.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Lycaena cyllarus var. tristis Gerhard, [1851]. Versuch Mon. Eur. Schmett.(4): 9, pl. 15, fig. 4a-b.
	TL:	Turkey.
[IFS]?	Lycaena alexis var.(ab.?) agestoides Selys-Longchamps, 1857. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 1: 15.
	TL:	Belgium.
[IFS]?	Lycaena alexis var.(ab.?) thersites Selys-Longchamps, 1857. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 1: 15.
	TL:	Halloy (Belgium).
[IFS]?	Lycaena cyllarus var.(ab.?) blachieri Millière, 1887. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 7(3): 215, pl. 5, fig. 8-9.
	TL:	Cannes (SE France).
[JS]	Lycaena cyllarus f. (var., ab.?) lugens Caradja, 1893. Dt. entomol. Z. 6: 177.
	TL:	Târgu Neamț (NE Romania).
[IFS]?	Lycaena cyllarus var.(ab.?) punctata Gouin, 1904. P.-v. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 59: lxx-lxxi, fig.
	TL:	La Sauve (Gironde dep., SW France).
[JH]	Lycaena alexis f.(ab.?) alpina Turati & Verity, [1911]. Bull. Soc. Entomol. It. 42(1-4): 260.
	TL:	Valdieri (N Italy) ; nec Berce, 1867. Faun. Entomol. Fr. Lépid. 1: 134.
[JS]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus race pauper Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.31(2): 29.
	TL:	Florence (Tuscany, Italy).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus race pauperella Sagarra, 1926. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat.(2)6(6-7): 138-139.
	TL:	Llinàs, Vallvidrera (Barcelona prov., NE Spain).
[NN]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus maritimalpium Verity, 1928. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1928(8): 141.
		Replacement name for alpina Turati & Verity, [1911], praeocc. alpina Berce, 1867.
[JS]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus race melanoposmater Verity, 1928. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1928(8): 141-142.
	TL:	Aflou (Algeria).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus race subpauper Verity, 1928. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1928(8): 142.
	TL:	Nîmes (S France).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus race meeloni Sagarra, 1930. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat.(2)10(7): 118.
	TL:	Serrania de Cuenca (C Spain).
[NN]	Glaucopsyche alexis selene Hemming, 1934. Stylops 3(5): 98.
		Replacement name for alpina Turati & Verity, [1911], praeocc. alpina Berce, 1867.
[JS]	Glaucopsyche cyllarus race parvandereggi Verity, 1938. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 50(suppl.): 4-5.
	TL:	Thessaloniki (N Greece).
[JS]	Lycaena cyllarus f. latina Hartig, 1940. Mem. Soc. Entomol. it. 18(2): 187.
	TL:	Formia, Atina nelle Mainarde (Lazio, C Italy).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis race morena Agenjo, 1967. Eos 42(3-4): 296.
	TL:	Elche (Alicante prov. SE Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis race lopedevega Agenjo, 1967. Eos 42(3-4): 297.
	TL:	Madrid (C Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis race superornata Agenjo, 1967. Eos 42(3-4): 297.
	TL:	Sierra de Espuña (Murcia prov., SE Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis race antolinezi Agenjo, 1967. Eos 42(3-4): 297.
	TL:	Arlanzón, Estépar (Burgos prov., N Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis (race, f.?) viriato Agenjo, 1967. Eos 42(3-4): 297.
	TL:	Ribadelago de Sanabria (Zamora prov., NW Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis (race, f.?) helena Agenjo, 1967. Eos 42(3-4): 297.
	TL:	Puerto de Pozazal, Valdeprado (Cantabria, N Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis ssp. velada Gómez Bustillo, 1973. SHILAP1(1-2): 28, pl. [1], fig. 2.
	TL:	Campo Real (Madrid prov., C Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche alexis ssp. mironi Coutsis, 1976. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 88(2): 34-35, fig.
	TL:	Island of Skyros (Greece).
Glaucopsyche paphos Chapman, 1920
[ORIG]	Glaucopsyche paphos Chapman, 1920. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1920(1/2): 166-169, pl. 5.
	TL:	Cyprus.
Subgenus Apelles Hemming, 1931
[ORIG]	Apelles Hemming, 1931. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 79(2): 323-324.
	TS:	Polyommatus melanops Boisduval, [1828] by original designation.
Glaucopsyche melanops (Boisduval, 1828)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus melanops Boisduval, 1828. Eur. Lepid. Index Meth. 1: 13.
	TL:	Aix-en-Provence (SE France).
[JS]	Papilio saportae Geyer, [1832]. Samml. eur. Schmett.1:pl. 188, fig. 922-924.
	TL:	-.
[JS]	Argus marchandii Boisduval, 1834. Rev. entomol. 2: 121-122, pl. 27, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Montserrat (Barcelona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Lycaena melanops var. algirica Heyne, [1895]. Pal. Grossschmett. 1: 768.
	TL:	Nemours, Maeta, Alger, Lambessa (Algeria).
[IFS]	Lycaena melanops var.(ab.?) wheeleri Chapman, 1905. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 1905(Proc.): ii-iii.
	TL:	Digne-les-Bains (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, SE France).
[JS]	Lycaena melanops var. alluaudi Oberthür, 1922. Ét. Lépid. Comp. 19: 113, pl. 545, fig. 4585-4586.
	TL:	Glaoui, Reraya, Asni, Arround (Morocco).
[JS]	Scolitantides melanops race diversa Sagarra, 1926. Butll. Inst. Catal. Hist. nat.(2)6(6-7): 137.
	TL:	Barcelona, Llinàs (Barcelona prov., NE Spain).
[JS]	Lycaena fasciata Turati, 1928. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 66(3-4): 317-318, fig. 2.
	TL:	Derna (Cyrenaica, Libya).
[JS]	Apelles melanops ssp. williamsi Hemming, 1931. Trans. entomol. Soc. Lond. 79(2): 331-332, pl. 11, fig. 8-9.
	TL:	Porto (N Portugal), Pontevedra (Pontevedra prov., NW Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche melanops race bamba Agenjo, 1967. Eos 43(1-2): 18.
	TL:	Monte de Santiuste, Pampliega (Burgos prov., N Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche melanops race cantabra Agenjo, 1967. Eos 43(1-2): 18-19.
	TL:	Espinama, Picos de Europa (Cantabria, N Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche melanops race arcasi Agenjo, 1967. Eos 43(1-2): 19.
	TL:	Aranjuez (Madrid prov., C Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche melanops race justoi Agenjo, 1967. Eos 43(1-2): 19.
	TL:	Elche (Alicante prov., SE Spain).
[JS]	Glaucopsyche melanops ssp. loechensis Gómez Bustillo, 1973. SHILAP1(1-2): 33, pl. [1], fig. 8.
	TL:	Loeches (Madrid prov., C Spain).
Tribe Celastrinini Tutt, [1907]
[ORIG]	Celastrinidi Tutt, [1907]. Nat. Hist. Brit. Lepid. 9: x, 378.
	TG:	Celastrina Tutt, 1906.
[JS]	Lycaenopsina Stradomsky, 2016, Caucasian Entomol. Bull. 12(1): 151.
	TG:	Lycaenopsis C. & R. Felder, [1865].
Genus Celastrina Tutt, 1906
[ORIG]	Celastrina Tutt, 1906. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 18(5): 131.
	TS:	Papilio argiolus Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
[JH]	Cyaniriodes Matsumura, 1919. Thousand Insects Japan. Addit. 3: 736.
	TS:	Lycaena ogasawaraensis Pryer, 1886 by monotypy ; nec Nicéville, 1890. Butt. India Burmah Ceylon 3: 33.
[ND]	Maslowskia Kurentov, 1974. Zoogeogr. Dal’nego Vost. SSSR: 92.
		Nomen nudum.
[JS]	Maslowskia Omelko & Omelko, 1984. Fauna Ecol. Ins. South Far East: 23.
	TS:	Lycaenopsis filipjevi Riley, 1934 by original designation.
Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
[ORIG]	Papilio argiolus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)1: 483.
	TL:	Enfield (England).
[JS]	Papilio cleobis Sulzer, 1776. Gesch. Ins. 1: 146, 2: pl. 18, fig. 13-14.
	TL:	Switzerland.
[JS]	Papilio argiphontes Bergsträsser, 1779. Icones Papilion. Diurnor.: 1, pl. 1, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio thersanon Bergsträsser, 1779. Icones Papilion. Diurnor.: 6, pl. 6, fig. 5-6.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio argalus Bergsträsser, 1779. Nom. Ins.3: 18, pl. 60, fig. 4-5.
	TL:	Germany.
[JS]	Papilio argus marginatus Retzius, 1783. Gen. Spec. Ins.: 30.
	TL:	Germany.
[JH]	Papilio acis Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insect. 2: 73.
	TL:	Austria ; nec [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775: 182.
[JS]	Zephyrus (Cyaniris) argianus Dalman, 1816. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl.(1b) 1816(1): 95.
	TL:	Sweden.
[JH]	Lycaena argiolus var. algirica Oberthür, 1915. Étud. Lépid. Comp. 10: 401, pl. 288, fig. 2343.
	TL:	Alger (Algeria) ; nec Heyne, [1895]. Pal. Grossschmett. 1: 768.
[JS]	Lycaenopsis argiolus race calidogenita Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.31(3): 46-47.
	TL:	S Europe (Florence, Italy ?).
[JS]	Lycaenopsis argiolus race britanna Verity, 1919. Entomol. Rec. J. Var.31(3): 46-47.
	TL:	Woodford in Epping Forest (Essex, England, UK).
[NN]	Lycaena argiolus mauretanica Rothschild, 1925. Novit. Zool. 32(2): 214.
		Replacement name for Lycaena argiolus var. algirica Oberthür, 1915.
Tribe Zizeeriini Chapman, 1910
[ORIG]	Zizeeriidi Chapman, 1910. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1910: 480.
	TG:	Zizeeria Chapman, 1910.
Subtribe Zizeeriina Chapman, 1910
[ORIG]	Zizeeriidi Chapman, 1910. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1910: 480.
	TG:	Zizeeria Chapman, 1910.
Genus Zizeeria Chapman, 1910
[ORIG]	Zizeeria Chapman, 1910. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1910 : 480, 482.
	TS:	Polyommatus karsandra Moore, 1865 by original designation.
Zizeeria knysna (Trimen, 1862)
[ORIG]	Lycaena knysna Trimen, 1862. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (3)1: 282-283.
	TL:	Cape Town, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay (South Africa).
[JH]	Papilio lysimon Hübner, [1804].Samml. eur. Schmett.1: pl. 105, fig. 534-535, [1806]: 46.
	TL:	Portugal ; nec Papilio lisimon Stoll, 1791: 169, pl. 39, fig. 1.
[JS]	Lycaena lysimon var. vandalusica Oberthür, 1910. Étud. Lépid. Comp. 4: 301.
	TL:	Granada (Andalusia, S Spain).
[JS]	Zizera knysna ssp. volpii Romei, 1927. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 20: 275.
	TL:	Sidi Mersi, Tripoli (Libya).
[JS]	Cupido lysimon ssp. corneliae Regteren Altena, 1948. Tijdschr. Entomol. 91: 17-18.
	TL:	Santa Cruz, Tenerife ; Barranco Dolores, La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain).
Zizeeria karsandra (Moore, 1865)
[ORIG]	Polyommatus karsandra Moore, 1865. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865: 505, pl. 31, fig. 7.
	TL:	NW India.
Genus Zizina Chapman, 1910
[ORIG]	Zizina Chapman, 1910. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1910 : 482.
	TS:	Polyommatus labradus Godart, 1824 by original designation.
Zizina otis (Fabricius, 1787)
[ORIG]	Papilio otis Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Ins. 2: 73.
	TL:	China.
[JS]	Lycaena indica Murray, 1874. Trans. entomol. Soc. Lond. 22(4): 525-526.
	TL:	Allahabad (= Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India).
Subtribe Castaliina Distant, [1884]
[ORIG]	Castalaria Distant, [1884]. Rhopal. Malanaya: xiv, 214.
	TG:	Castalius Hübner, [1819].
[JS]	Tarucidi  Verity, 1943. Farfalle diurne Italia 2: 76-77.
	TG:	Tarucus Moore, [1881].
Genus Tarucus Moore, [1881]
[ORIG]	Tarucus Moore, [1881]. Lepid. Ceylon 1(2): 81.
	TS:	Hesperia theophrastus Fabricius, 1793 by original designation.
Tarucus theophrastus (Fabricius, 1793)
[ORIG]	Hesperia theophrastus Fabricius, 1793. Entomol. Syst. 3(1): 281.
	TL:	Morocco.
Tarucus balkanica (Freyer, [1843])
[ORIG]	Lycaena balkanica Freyer, [1843]. Neuere Beitr. Schmett. 5(71): [63], pl. 421, fig. 1-2.
	TL:	Turkey.
[JS]	Lycaena psittacus Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]. Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. 1(7): pl. 48, fig. 220-223 ; 1(10): 129 [1845].
	TL:	Turkey.
Tarucus rosacea (Austaut, 1885)
[ORIG]	Lycaena theophrastus var. rosacea Austaut, 1885. Naturaliste 7(18): 141-142.
	TL:	El Aricha (Tlemcen prov., NW Algeria).
[JS]	Tarucus mediterraneae Bethune-Baker, [1918]. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1917(2-4): 281-283, pl. 14, fig. 7a-b.
	TL:	Alexandria (Egypt).

Conclusion
This synonymic list offers a foundation for the taxonomy of Western Palearctic Lycaenidae.
By linking each name to its original description, it enhances transparency, accessibility, and historical accuracy. However, the list is not yet complete, and gaps remain in both hyperlinks and taxonomic data. Researchers, lepidopterists and enthusiasts are warmly invited to contribute by submitting missing hyperlinks, overlooked synonyms, or other relevant information.

Author contribution
Michel Taymans: conceptualisation, analysis, visualisation, writing - original draft, writing – review and editing.
Sylvain Cuvelier: analysis, validation, visualisation, writing – review and editing.